
Plastic surgery is a broad category of surgery that includes cosmetic surgery, reconstructive surgery, and procedures that can be done for medical or aesthetic reasons. While plastic surgery can be done to address signs of aging, it is also sought by people who want to redesign the contour and shape of their bodies or address medical issues such as a deviated septum or excess skin after weight loss. Some of the most common plastic surgery procedures include breast augmentation, rhinoplasty, facelifts, and abdominoplasty.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Purpose | To change one's appearance |
| Types | Facelift, brow/forehead lift, eyelid lift, ear pinning, ear reshaping, hair replacement surgery, nasal surgery, nose reshaping, chin/cheek/jaw reshaping, lip augmentation, breast augmentation, tummy tuck, liposuction, scar revision, botox/filler injections, laser peels, vein treatment, tattoo removal, etc. |
| Target Areas | Face, breasts, body, abdomen, hips, thighs, eyes, hands, neck, etc. |
| Patient Profile | Women in their mid to late 40s, individuals who have lost a significant amount of weight, cancer survivors, etc. |
| Benefits | Enhanced appearance, improved confidence, reduced signs of aging, improved health (e.g., breathing issues, autoimmune diseases), etc. |
| Considerations | Natural-looking results, safety, personalized treatment plans, qualified surgeons, understanding different options and their benefits, potential risks and side effects, etc. |
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What You'll Learn

Breast augmentation
During a breast augmentation, an incision is made in the armpit area (transaxillary incision) or around the edge of the areola (periareolar incision) for accessing and placing the implants. There are several implant sizes and profiles available, and your surgeon can help you select the best breast implant choice for you. Breast augmentation will sometimes be performed in conjunction with a breast lift (mastopexy) when changes to breast position and volume are desired. This combined procedure is known as augmentation mastopexy.
If you are considering breast augmentation surgery, it is important to choose a board-certified cosmetic surgeon who has performed many such procedures and can show you before-and-after photos.
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Rhinoplasty
There are two main types of rhinoplasty procedures: open and closed. Open rhinoplasty is a major nose reshaping procedure where the surgeon makes incisions to completely separate the skin of the nose from the bone and cartilage. This allows the surgeon to clearly see the underlying anatomy of the nose. On the other hand, closed rhinoplasty is a minor nose reshaping procedure where incisions are made within the nose to separate the skin from the bone and cartilage for reshaping.
During a rhinoplasty procedure, the surgeon will make incisions on the inside of the nostrils (closed rhinoplasty) or across the base of the nose (open rhinoplasty). They will then raise the skin covering the nasal bones and cartilage, reduce, add to, or rearrange the underlying bone and cartilage to create a new shape or fix a deviated septum, and replace the skin covering the nasal bones and cartilage. Finally, small stitches are used to secure the skin in place. The procedure typically takes between one and three hours and is usually performed as an outpatient procedure, allowing the patient to go home the same day.
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Facelift
During the procedure, fat may be sculpted or redistributed from the face, jowls, and neck, and the underlying tissue is repositioned. This often includes lifting the deeper layers of the face and the muscles. Facelift surgery can be performed in conjunction with other procedures, such as a brow lift, eyelid surgery, or facial implants, to further enhance the outcome and achieve a more youthful appearance.
The visible improvements from a facelift become apparent once swelling and bruising subside. The final result should not only restore a more youthful and rested appearance but also help improve the patient's confidence. It is important to note that a facelift is a restorative surgery and does not alter one's fundamental appearance or stop the ageing process.
An alternative to a traditional facelift is a "mini-lift", which uses shorter incisions and is usually recommended for patients with less skin relaxation as the results are less dramatic. Patients seeking a facelift should consult with a board-certified plastic surgeon to discuss their goals and expectations and determine the most suitable treatment plan for their individual needs.
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Tummy tuck
A tummy tuck, or abdominoplasty, is a popular cosmetic surgery procedure for both women and men. It involves the removal of excess skin and fat from the abdomen, and the tightening of the abdominal muscles to achieve a flatter, firmer, and more contoured appearance. This procedure is particularly popular among individuals who have experienced significant weight loss or pregnancy, as these events can leave behind loose skin and stretched muscles.
The procedure begins with an incision in the lower belly, followed by the removal of excess fat and skin. The underlying abdominal muscles are then tightened, and the incision is closed. The scar from the procedure is often hidden at or below the underwear line and can even be incorporated into an existing caesarean section scar.
It is important to note that a tummy tuck is not a substitute for a healthy lifestyle. Eating well and exercising can help maximize the aesthetic results and maintain them over time. Additionally, it is recommended that individuals considering a tummy tuck should be at or near their ideal body weight, non-smokers, and in good health.
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Liposuction
The procedure is performed through small, inconspicuous incisions. First, diluted local anaesthesia is infused to reduce bleeding and trauma. Then, a thin hollow stainless steel tube, called a cannula, is inserted through the incisions to loosen and suction out the unwanted fat using a controlled back-and-forth motion. Medications such as intravenous sedation or general anaesthesia may be administered for the patient's comfort during the procedure.
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Frequently asked questions
Popular plastic surgery procedures include facelifts, rhinoplasty, breast augmentation, abdominoplasty, and blepharoplasty.
Rhinoplasty, or a "nose job," is a procedure that changes the size and shape of the nose and nostrils. It can be done for cosmetic and/or functional purposes, such as correcting structural issues that cause breathing problems.
Blepharoplasty is a procedure that corrects drooping eyelids by removing loose skin and excess fat from the upper and lower eyelids. It can reduce puffiness and redefine the shape of the eyes, giving them a more refreshed and youthful appearance.
A traditional facelift tightens loose skin in the neck and jowl areas, creating a more youthful-looking face. A mini facelift, on the other hand, offers a more subtle and natural rejuvenation without the "overdone" or "pillow face" effect that can sometimes occur with fillers.











































