Omar Khalid
Piano keys are prone to yellowing over time, which can be unsightly and off-putting for players. While some piano owners embrace the character that yellowing adds to their instrument, others seek to restore their keys to their original white colour. The approach to this depends on the material of the keys, which can be either ivory or plastic. Ivory keys are off-white, porous, and made with two connected pieces, while plastic keys are smoother, with a clear varnish on top. Ivory keys should be cleaned with natural acids like lemon juice or milk, or a mild white toothpaste, while plastic keys can be cleaned with a gentle cleaning solution, such as a mix of dish soap and water. However, it's important to be cautious when cleaning piano keys, as some methods can damage the keys or the piano's inner workings.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Plastic piano keys turning yellow | Yes |
| Reasons | Exposure to UV light, the presence of bromine (a flame retardant) |
| Cleaning methods | Hydrogen peroxide cream, UV light, diluted vinegar mixture, melamine foam sponge, gentle cleaning solution, white toothpaste, lemon juice, milk, mayonnaise-yoghurt mixture, fine steel wool pad, white vinyl eraser |
| Notes on cleaning methods | Some methods may not be suitable for electric pianos due to the risk of water damage |
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What You'll Learn
Why do plastic piano keys turn yellow?
The yellowing of plastic piano keys is a common occurrence, and it can be quite an eyesore. The discolouration is typically caused by long-term exposure to UV light, which causes the destabilisation of bromine particles in the plastic, resulting in a yellowish appearance. This is particularly true for older keyboards and devices made with older plastic compositions.
To prevent yellowing, it is recommended to keep the piano away from direct sunlight. Additionally, regular cleaning and maintenance can help to slow down the discolouration process. This includes dusting and wiping down the keys with a soft, lint-free cloth to remove dust, dirt, and fingerprints that can build up over time.
If the keys have already turned yellow, there are several methods to restore them to their original colour. One option is to use a gentle cleaning solution, such as a mixture of dish soap and water applied with a damp washcloth. It is important to avoid using excess water to prevent liquid from seeping into the keys and potentially damaging the piano. For electric pianos, it is best to avoid any liquid and opt for a damp sponge or chemically-treated wipe instead.
For more aggressive stains, a diluted vinegar mixture can be used. This involves mixing four parts warm water with one part white vinegar and applying it to the keys with a soft cloth. Another unconventional method is to use a melamine foam sponge, which can help whiten the keys without the risk of water damage.
While some people may choose to embrace the yellowing of their piano keys as a sign of the instrument's age and character, others may prefer to restore them to their original colour. It is important to note that some methods may be time-consuming and may not completely prevent the recurrence of yellowing. Additionally, some experts advise against certain de-yellowing processes as they may further damage the plastic.
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How to identify plastic piano keys
Plastic piano keys are typically smoother than ivory keys and usually have a clear varnish on top. They are often joined at the base and have a slippery surface. They are also less porous than ivory keys, which are made from two pieces of ivory joined together to form a single key. Ivory keys are more likely to develop a yellow hue over time, whereas plastic keys are more likely to remain bright white.
If you are unsure whether your piano keys are made of ivory or plastic, there are several ways to identify them. Firstly, look for any visible differences between the keys. Plastic keys usually have a uniform appearance, while ivory keys may exhibit slight yellowing and have a more natural, porous surface with a satin feel. Ivory keys often have a pattern on the surface that resembles the grain of wood, known as Schreger lines. These lines are unique to elephant ivory and can be seen with the naked eye or by using a magnifying glass.
Another way to identify the material of your piano keys is to feel them. Ivory keys provide a better grip and have a more consistent texture than plastic keys. They are less likely to feel greasy, even after extended periods of playing. Plastic keys, on the other hand, tend to be smoother and may become slippery.
If you are still unsure, you can try cleaning the keys. Ivory keys should never be cleaned with harsh chemicals, soap, or liquid, as these can damage the material. Instead, use a very fine steel wool pad or a white vinyl eraser to gently remove any stains. Plastic keys, on the other hand, can be cleaned with a gentle cleaning solution, such as dish soap and a washcloth. However, be cautious when cleaning electric pianos, as water and other liquids can damage the electrical components.
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Cleaning methods for plastic piano keys
To keep your piano in good condition, it is important to clean its keys regularly. Here are some methods for cleaning plastic piano keys:
Prevention
Before we dive into the cleaning methods, it is worth noting that prevention is always better than cure. To slow down the yellowing of your plastic piano keys, keep your piano out of direct sunlight. When the piano is not in use, keep the lid closed or use a dust cover to protect the keys from dust buildup and spillage.
Cleaning
- Use a damp cloth: The first method is to use a damp, soft, non-abrasive, and lint-free cloth to wipe down the keys. You can dampen the cloth with lukewarm water or a gentle cleaning solution. Avoid using paper towels as they can leave lint on the keys.
- Diluted vinegar mixture: Mix four parts warm water with one part white vinegar. Dip a clean cloth into the mixture, making sure it is only slightly damp, and gently wipe down each key. Dry the keys completely after cleaning.
- Mild soap: Although it is generally not recommended to use soap and water on piano keys, if you are set on using a liquid cleaner, a small amount of diluted dish soap and a washcloth can be used to clean plastic keys. Just make sure to wring out the cloth enough so that water does not drip onto the keys.
Whitening
Over time, plastic piano keys may turn yellow. Here are some methods to whiten them:
- White toothpaste: Using a soft cloth, gently rub a pea-sized amount of plain white toothpaste (not gel) into one key at a time. After applying the toothpaste, wipe it off with a damp cloth.
- Eraser: Using a white vinyl eraser, rub the eraser slowly and carefully down each key, avoiding letting the eraser shavings fall between the keys.
It is important to note that while these methods can help remove yellowing from plastic piano keys, they may not return the keys to their original colour. Additionally, always exercise caution when using any cleaning products on your piano, and if you have any doubts, consult a professional before proceeding.
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Products to avoid when cleaning plastic piano keys
It is important to keep your piano keys clean to maintain the instrument's value and aesthetic appeal. While plastic piano keys are more resistant to yellowing than ivory keys, they can still become discoloured over time. To prevent and address this, regular cleaning is required. However, it is crucial to use the right products and techniques to avoid causing damage.
- Harsh chemicals and cleaners: Avoid using any harsh chemicals or cleaners, such as those containing alcohol (isopropyl), chlorine, ethanol, benzene, peroxide, or salts. These ingredients can contribute to discolouration and cracking of the plastic keys.
- Liquid cleaners: Stay away from liquid cleaners, especially on electric or digital pianos. Water and other liquids can damage the electrical components inside these instruments. Instead, opt for a damp cloth or chemically-treated wipe designed for electronic devices.
- Soap and water: While a mild soap and water solution is generally safe for plastic keys, excessive use can be detrimental. Avoid using too much soap, and make sure to wring out your cloth thoroughly before wiping the keys.
- Paper towels: Paper towels can leave behind lint, which can be a nuisance to remove from between the keys. Instead, opt for lint-free cloths, such as microfiber or soft, light-coloured cotton cloths.
- Abrasive fabrics: Avoid using abrasive fabrics or scouring pads, as these can scratch and damage the smooth surface of plastic keys.
- Wide sweeping motions: When cleaning, focus on one key at a time, using gentle, vertical or toward-the-player motions. Wide sweeping motions can cause liquid to drip into the cracks between the keys, potentially damaging the instrument.
- Direct sunlight: While it is important to dry the keys thoroughly after cleaning, avoid exposing them to direct sunlight. This can cause discolouration and fading.
- Delaying regular cleaning: To maintain the appearance and value of your piano, incorporate cleaning into your regular maintenance routine. Leaving the keys uncleaned for too long can result in stubborn stains and discolouration that is more challenging to remove.
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How to prevent plastic piano keys from turning yellow
The yellowing of plastic piano keys is caused by the destabilization of bromine particles—a flame retardant usually found in old ABS plastic—after prolonged exposure to UV light. Newer plastic compositions have improved, so this yellowing is less common on modern pianos.
To prevent plastic piano keys from turning yellow, keep the piano away from direct sunlight. If possible, move the piano to a less sunny part of the house.
If the keys have already turned yellow, you can try the following methods to restore their colour:
- Use a gentle cleaning solution. For most pianos, regular dish soap and a washcloth will be sufficient. Avoid using soap and water on an electric piano, as this can damage the electrical components inside. Instead, use a damp sponge or chemically-treated wipe.
- Wipe down the keys with a melamine foam sponge. Move a slightly damp sponge up and down each individual key, which may help whiten the instrument.
- Get rid of stubborn stains with a diluted vinegar mixture. Mix four spoonfuls of warm water with one spoonful of white vinegar, dip a clean cloth into the mixture so it’s slightly damp, then clean off each individual key. Dry the keys completely once you’re done.
- Use hydrogen peroxide cream. Simply buy a 40-volume developer from any hair beauty store, or a 10% hydrogen peroxide solution.
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Frequently asked questions
Plastic piano keys turn yellow due to the destabilization of bromine particles in the plastic after prolonged exposure to UV light.
To prevent discolouration, you can move your piano into the sunlight so that the sun has direct access to the keys.
To clean yellowed plastic piano keys, you can use a gentle cleaning solution such as a mixture of water and vinegar, or a mixture of water and dish soap. You can also use a chemically-treated wipe such as a Magic Eraser.
