Alexei Volkov
Plastic conduit pipes are used to protect electrical wiring and cables, especially in outdoor or exposed environments. They are typically made from PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and come in rigid and flexible forms. PVC pipes are commonly used in plumbing applications, while PVC conduits are used for electrical wiring. When connecting PVC conduit pipes, it is important to follow electrical codes and regulations, ensuring proper grounding and secure connections. Installation techniques may vary, but the use of PVC cement and primer is often recommended to create watertight and durable joints. Understanding the specific requirements and applications of plastic conduit pipes is essential for safe and effective electrical installations.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Material | Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) |
| Composition | Combination of plastic and vinyl |
| Applications | Plumbing, electrical wiring, roofing, agricultural drainage |
| Advantages | Safe, sturdy, cheap, lightweight, durable, versatile |
| Installation | Glued in place, expansion fittings required to prevent cracking |
| Conduit Types | Rigid, flexible, metallic, non-metallic |
| Conduit Management | Conduit bodies facilitate wire routing and access for maintenance |
| Electrical Box Connection | Requires proper grounding, paired with Romex wire and plastic junction boxes |
| Colour | White (plumbing), gray (electrical) |
| Wall Thickness | Varies, thicker walls in plumbing pipes to withstand pressure |
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What You'll Learn
Using glue to connect plastic conduit pipes
When connecting plastic conduit pipes, using glue, or more specifically, PVC glue, is a common method. This glue is a solvent that melts the two pipes and bonds them together. The glue works by immediately softening and dissolving the top layer of the PVC. When the pipes are pushed together, the softened plastic of each piece bonds, creating a continuous section of PVC. This joint is often stronger than the pipe itself.
To create the strongest bond, the conduit and fittings must be properly prepared. Dirt, dust, grease, or moisture can weaken the bond and cause leaks, so it is important to clean the ends of the conduit and the inside of the fitting. Sanding the pipe to create slightly beveled edges can also help the pipe slip into the fitting more easily, resulting in a tighter fit. Before gluing, it is recommended to dry-fit the pieces together to ensure proper alignment.
Once the surfaces are prepared, apply the PVC glue to both the pipe and the fitting. You will only have a few seconds to align the pieces before the glue sets. After pressing the pieces together, wipe off any excess cement to prevent a messy joint. Allow the connection to cure for at least 15 minutes, then test the joint for stability to ensure the bond is secure.
If you make a mistake or need to separate the pipes, it can be challenging to remove the PVC glue, especially from PVC itself. However, there are a few methods to try, such as using a heat gun to soften the joint or applying a solvent to break down the glue.
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Using primer before gluing
Plastic conduit pipes, specifically those made of PVC (polyvinyl chloride), are commonly used in plumbing systems and electrical wiring. PVC pipes are often glued together to create secure, leak-proof connections. Before gluing PVC pipes, it is recommended to use a primer. Here are some detailed instructions and considerations for using primer before gluing:
Selecting the Right Primer and Cement
Not all primers and cements are created equal. It is important to choose a primer and cement specifically designed for PVC. Read the labels carefully to ensure compatibility with the type of plastic piping you are using. Different manufacturers offer PVC cements, including Weld-On, Oatey, and Gorilla.
Preparing the Work Area and Safety
PVC primer and cement can be messy and involve harmful toxins, so take the necessary precautions. Wear protective gear, such as safety goggles and gloves, to avoid eye and skin contact. Work in a well-ventilated area to minimise the inhalation of toxic fumes. Consider covering your work surface with a tarp or towel to make cleanup easier in case of any spills or drips.
Surface Preparation
Before applying the primer, ensure that the PVC surfaces are clean and free of debris. Use a PVC cleaner to remove any oil, grease, or other contaminants from the pipe's outer layer. Smooth the edges of the cut surfaces with coarse sandpaper or a utility knife to eliminate any burrs that could compromise the seal's effectiveness.
Applying the Primer
Apply the primer to the outside of the pipe and the inside of the fitting. Work quickly, as you only have about 10 seconds before you need to apply the cement. The primer chemically reacts with the PVC, softening the surface and preparing it for a stronger bond.
Connecting the Pipes
Immediately after applying the primer, proceed to the next step. Apply the cement to the primed surfaces and insert the pipe into the fitting. Twist the pipe a quarter turn as you push it into the fitting to allow the glue to spread and provide a tighter fit. Hold the pipe and fitting together firmly for at least 30 seconds to prevent the pipe from popping out. Refer to the product's instructions for the curing time, usually within 24 hours.
Dealing with Spills
Accidental spills of PVC primer can leave stains and permanently alter the surface if not addressed promptly. As soon as a spill occurs, clean it up to prevent permanent damage. Use paint thinner or a baking soda and water paste to scrub the stain and remove any coloured dye from the primer.
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Connecting to electrical boxes
Connecting plastic conduit pipes to electrical boxes requires careful attention to ensure a secure and reliable connection. Electrical boxes are essential in electrical installations, and proper installation is crucial for the safety and functionality of electrical systems.
Firstly, ensure that the electrical box is securely mounted and properly grounded according to the applicable electrical codes and regulations. Check that the box is suitable for the intended use and compatible with plastic conduit connections. For example, plastic and metal electrical boxes each have their appropriate applications. While PVC can melt when overheated, it does not conduct electricity like metal. Therefore, it is recommended to use plastic boxes when non-metallic cables lead in or out of the box, as metal-sheathed wiring requires bonding with a metal electric box for grounding.
Secondly, ensure that the plastic conduit diameter matches the knockout holes or connectors on the electrical box. This step is crucial for a secure and functional conduit system. Consider the type and size of the conduit fittings, choosing those compatible with plastic conduit and matching the conduit size (e.g., elbows, couplings, connectors). The fittings should be made from corrosion-resistant and durable materials suitable for the intended environment. Verify the thread type to ensure a secure connection, and consider the conduit joint type, such as solvent-welded joints or compression fittings.
Additionally, install conduit bodies, junction boxes, or other accessories as needed for wire splices, changes in direction, or access points. Securely fasten these accessories to the conduit using appropriate fittings and hardware, ensuring all connections are properly aligned, secure, and free from gaps or looseness. Double-checking connections is vital to maintaining safety standards and preventing electrical hazards.
Finally, it is important to follow electrical codes and regulations and consult the manufacturer's instructions for the specific conduit box and conduit being used. If you are unsure or inexperienced with electrical work, seek assistance from a qualified electrician.
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Using expansion fittings to prevent cracking
Plastic conduit pipes, specifically PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes, are commonly used in electrical applications to contain a series of electrical conductors. They are used to protect wires from corrosion, electrical leakage, and burning.
When connecting plastic conduit pipes, it is important to consider the use of expansion fittings to prevent cracking. Expansion fittings are necessary when there are significant temperature changes that may cause the pipes to expand or contract. This is especially important in outdoor settings where the pipes are exposed to extreme temperatures.
The National Electric Code (NEC) requires that direct-buried conductors, raceways, or cables are arranged in a way that prevents damage to the enclosed conductors or equipment connected to the raceways due to ground movement. Expansion fittings are a good choice to address this issue.
The need for expansion fittings depends on the anticipated amount of length change, which is influenced by the expected ambient temperature change. If the ends of the run are secured and immovable, an expansion fitting is required if the expected movement exceeds 1/4 inch. However, if the ends of the run are free to move, an expansion fitting may not be necessary.
To accommodate expansion and contraction, strut and straps can be used for support, but they must allow longitudinal movement. This means that the straps should be loosened enough to permit the conduit to slide lengthwise, preventing the PVC from bowing and twisting.
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Using plastic boxes with non-metallic cables
Plastic electrical boxes are commonly used in conjunction with non-metallic cables. Plastic-sheathed cable, also known as NM or non-metallic cable, is specifically designed for use with plastic boxes. This type of cable is grounded through an internal copper wire, as opposed to metallic-sheathed cable, which relies on its metallic sheathing for grounding.
When working with electrical repairs or installations, it is important to select the appropriate type of box and cable for the specific application. Plastic boxes tend to be more susceptible to misshaping and cracking when subjected to stress or sharp blows. Additionally, the pre-attached door clamps on plastic boxes can sometimes make it challenging to remove cables.
Non-metallic outlet boxes, often referred to as PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) boxes, are equipped with internal cable clamping systems. These boxes are specifically labelled and approved for use with non-metallic sheathed cables. While it is generally recommended to use metal boxes with armoured cables, there are exceptions where non-metallic boxes can be used with metal raceways or metal-armoured cables.
In certain cases, non-metallic boxes can be permitted for use with metal-clad cables, such as Type MC. However, these instances are relatively rare and subject to specific conditions outlined in the NEC (National Electrical Code). One exception states that non-metallic boxes can be used with metal raceways or metal-armoured cables when integral bonding means are provided between all threaded entries.
It is important to carefully consider the specific requirements and restrictions when working with plastic boxes and non-metallic cables. While plastic boxes offer convenience and flexibility, they may not be suitable for all applications, especially those requiring high stress or strong attachments.
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Frequently asked questions
You can use plastic boxes with non-metallic conduit. Ensure the electrical box is securely mounted and properly grounded according to the applicable electrical codes and regulations.
Electricians often debate whether to use a primer before applying PVC cement. If you do use a primer, liberally apply it to the end of the pipe, then apply glue. Push the pipe ends together and give the free pipe a quick quarter turn.
If you don’t use an expansion fitting in the middle of the run, the PVC will likely crack or pull itself out of the fittings. You must pull an equipment grounding conductor (EGC) with your circuit conductors to provide a path back to the electrical panel.
