Omar Khalid
ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) is a versatile plastic used in various applications, from crafting to construction. Its strength and ease of cutting, carving, and joining make it a popular choice for many projects. When it comes to bonding ABS plastic pipe, several methods and adhesives can be used. The most common approach is to use an approved solvent cement (glue) specifically designed for ABS pipes, creating joints stronger than the pipe itself. This method does not require a primer, but it's crucial to ensure the pipe is cut squarely, deburred, and free of any dirt, moisture, or oil before applying the cement.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Bonding method | Solvent cement (glue) or mechanical coupling |
| Solvent cement | ASTM D 2235, ASTM D 3138, ASTM D 2564 |
| Mechanical coupling | Mechanical fasteners, clamps, straps |
| Adhesives | Epoxy-based adhesives, cyanoacrylates, polyurethanes, structural acrylic adhesives |
| Other methods | Welding, soldering, acetone solvent |
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What You'll Learn
Using an approved solvent cement (glue)
ABS pipes are made of Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, a common thermoplastic that is easy to bond. When bonding ABS pipes, it is important to ensure that the surface is clean and dry, and free from contamination. This is because contaminants can prevent direct contact between the cement and the plastic. A solvent wipe can be done before bonding to ensure the surface is clean. However, avoid using acetone as it can be too aggressive and attack the plastic. Instead, use isopropanol or Permabond Cleaner A.
When using an approved solvent cement (glue), it is important to follow the instructions on the product and observe all safety precautions. The choice of solvent cement depends on the temperature it will be used at and the set-up time upon use. The cement should allow time to rotate and adjust the fittings before they seize or set up. It is also important to use the correct brush size when applying the cement. A bristle-type brush that is about 1/3 to 1/2 the diameter of the pipe is recommended.
It is worth noting that CPVC and ABS pipes do not require a primer. However, if you are using PVC, a purple primer is necessary. The glue should meet ASTM D 2564, the standard for solvent cement for PVC.
When joining plastics between various materials, it is important to follow the local plumbing code. For example, the Minnesota State Plumbing Code specifies that ABS and PVC should not be glued together and that an approved adapter or transition fitting should be used instead.
Some common plastic adhesives (plastic glues) that can be used to bond ABS include cyanoacrylate, 2-component epoxy, structural acrylic, and UV curable adhesives.
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Mechanical coupling
When connecting ABS pipes to other types of plastic or piping materials, a mechanical coupling is required. This is because most plumbing codes do not allow ABS pipe to be solvent-welded (glued) to other types of plastic piping.
A transition coupling consists of a neoprene rubber sleeve that fits over each pipe and is then held tight with a stainless steel metal jacket and integral clamps. The coupling will be labelled as to which type of pipe each end can be fastened to, so look for a plastic-to-plastic designation on the coupling.
To use a transition coupling, first cut the new piece to leave a gap of 1/8 inch at both joints. Loosen and slide the metal jacket and clamps off the rubber sleeves and slide the jackets onto the fixed pipes. Push one end of the rubber sleeve onto the fixed pipe and then roll back the other end to make room for the new piece of pipe. Hold the new piece of pipe between the two fixed pipe ends and unroll the rubber sleeves over the ends of the new pipe. Next, slide the metal jackets over the rubber sleeves and tighten the clamps with a socket wrench.
While it is possible to glue ABS to PVC, it is not recommended. In fact, the only connection that refused to come apart in a test was the ABS to ABS connection.
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Epoxy-based adhesives
When working with epoxy adhesives, it is important to ensure that the ABS surface is clean, dry, and free from contamination. If needed, a solvent wipe can be done before bonding using isopropanol or a mild cleaner. However, acetone should be avoided as it can be too aggressive and attack the plastic.
There are various epoxy adhesives available in the market, such as the Gorilla brand's two-part epoxy syringe, which offers a strong and permanent bond with a quick cure time and a clear finish. Other options include JB Weld Plastic Bonder and Loctite Plastics, which have also been recommended for bonding ABS plastic.
While epoxies provide superior strength, one of their main drawbacks is their brittleness. This makes them prone to cracking when used in applications with significant movement, such as bonding panels on vehicles. Therefore, it is essential to consider the flexibility requirements of the application before choosing an epoxy adhesive.
Additionally, safety precautions should be taken when working with epoxy adhesives. These adhesives can pose health risks, so it is important to protect your skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Wear long-sleeved clothing, safety glasses, nitrile gloves, and a respirator, and ensure the work area is well-ventilated.
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Acetone solvent welding
To perform acetone solvent welding, one must first prepare the acetone solution. This involves measuring out approximately 50 mL of acetone and combining it with either small pieces of ABS filament or ABS scrap material. The ABS pieces should be cut into small bits to increase their surface area and speed up the dissolving process. The mixture should then be sealed and occasionally shaken to ensure thorough mixing. It is important to burp the container to release any fumes that build up. This process should be allowed to continue until the ABS is fully dissolved, which may take overnight. The resulting mixture will have a milky appearance and a consistency similar to putty or glue.
Once the acetone solution is ready, it can be applied to the surfaces of the ABS pipes that are to be joined. It is important to ensure proper clamping or fitting of the pipes during this stage to maintain contact between the surfaces until the solvent fully cures. The solvents can take minutes or hours to flash off, so the use of fittings or clamps is crucial to achieving a strong bond.
While acetone solvent welding can be an effective method for joining ABS pipes, it is important to consider the potential drawbacks. One issue is the evaporation rate of the solvent, which can be quite fast in open air. This may result in the need for multiple applications or the use of additional equipment to contain the solvent and prolong its contact with the pipe surfaces. Additionally, the strength of the welded bond may be weaker than that of the original ABS material, and the welded joint may be more susceptible to peeling or lifting over time. As such, it is recommended to incorporate mechanical fasteners or clamps to enhance the strength and longevity of the joint.
Overall, acetone solvent welding offers a viable approach to bonding ABS plastic pipes, but it requires careful preparation and execution to ensure a secure and long-lasting connection.
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Using a primer
ABS glue does not require a primer. In fact, the use of a primer with ABS glue is discouraged, as it may weaken the bond. ABS glue is made of acetone (primer) and actual ABS plastic mixed together, so it already has a built-in "primer".
However, if you are joining ABS with another material, such as PVC, you may need to use a primer. When joining ABS to PVC, it is recommended to use a transition cement that is specifically designed for connecting these two materials. In this case, you would need to use a primer that complies with ASTM F656. The primer should be purple in colour and applied to both the male and female sides of the connection.
It is important to note that the use of primer is not a substitute for proper surface preparation. Before applying any primer or glue, the surfaces of the pipes must be cleaned and free of dirt, moisture, oil, and other foreign materials.
When joining ABS to PVC, it is also important to use the correct type of cement or glue. The cement should comply with ASTM D 2564 and be specifically designed for joining PVC.
Additionally, when painting ABS plastic, it is recommended to use a primer to improve adhesion and prolong the life of the paint. There are specific primers and paints designed for use on plastic surfaces, such as Krylon Fusion or Rustoleum plastic paints. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions and take the necessary precautions when working with primers, paints, and adhesives.
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Frequently asked questions
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) is a type of plastic that is strong, easy to cut, carve, sand, finish and join. It is often used in residential construction for drain, waste and vent pipes.
There are several adhesives that can be used to bond ABS plastic. The most common types include model airplane cement, ABS pipe cement, cyanoacrylates, epoxies, polyurethanes and structural acrylic adhesives.
When gluing ABS plastic pipe, it is important to ensure that the surface is clean and free of dirt, moisture, oil and other foreign materials. It is also important to work in a well-ventilated area and to use personal protective equipment. The glue should be applied to both surfaces and the joint should be completed within 30 seconds to one minute, as the glue will begin to set quickly.
It is possible to join ABS and PVC pipes, but it is recommended to use a mechanical coupling rather than glue. Gluing ABS and PVC pipes together is not considered best practice and may void warranties or cause issues down the line.
Yes, there are several alternatives to gluing ABS plastic pipe, including mechanical fittings, slip-joint adapters and thermal bonding methods such as spin welding, friction welding, heat welding or ultrasonic welding.
