Sofia Martinez
Sewing with PVC plastic can be a challenging task, but it adds a unique dimension to your projects. PVC is a durable, easy-to-clean, and waterproof material that comes in various weights and stretch types, allowing for a range of applications. Sewing with PVC requires careful techniques, such as using specific needles, feet, and stitches, as well as avoiding heat to prevent melting. With the right tools and practices, you can create stunning items with a gorgeous, shiny finish.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Difficulty level | Sewing with PVC can be tricky for beginners |
| Benefits | Makes items more durable, easy to clean, and weather/waterproof |
| Thickness | Available in various gauges, with 8 being the thinnest and 20 being heavier |
| Usage | Used for fabric items like aprons, bags, and bibs, as well as wallets, table/floor covers, and more |
| Availability | Commonly stocked by large fabric retailers and specialty stores, in clear, printed, or flannel-backed options |
| Sewing tips | Use a walking foot without the guiding arm on your sewing machine; use a non-stick needle and Teflon needle plate to prevent sticking; increase thread tension and stitch length |
| Cutting | Use domestic scissors or a rotary cutter; place a pattern piece underneath for better accuracy |
| Seam finishing | No finishing required as vinyl won't fray |
| Washing | Test on a scrap piece first as vinyl can melt in high temperatures |
| Hole placement | Be cautious as holes from pins or needles remain permanent and can compromise seam strength |
| Stitching | Use a stretch stitch but do not stretch the fabric while stitching; do not apply heat as it will melt the PVC |
| Types | Comes in not-stretchy, 2-way stretch, and 4-way stretch options; the latter stretches equally horizontally and vertically |
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What You'll Learn
- Choosing the right PVC: PVC comes in different weights and stretch types
- Cutting: Use domestic scissors or a rotary cutter
- Sewing machine setup: Use a walking foot without the guiding arm
- Stitch type: Use a stretch stitch, but don't stretch the fabric while stitching
- Avoiding mistakes: PVC doesn't heal, so holes from pins or needles are permanent
Choosing the right PVC: PVC comes in different weights and stretch types
Choosing the right PVC is crucial, as it comes in various weights and stretch types, each with distinct advantages and applications. Here are some factors to consider when selecting the appropriate PVC for your project:
Weights of PVC
PVC is available in different weights, typically measured in gauges, with 8 gauge being the thinnest option. This thickness is commonly used for fabric items such as aprons, bags, and bibs. For projects requiring more durability, a heavier thickness like 20 gauge is suitable for items like wallets or table/floor covers. The weight selection depends on the desired durability and the ability to support the heft of the plastic component in your project.
Rigid vs. Flexible PVC
PVC plastics are primarily categorized into two types: rigid and flexible, based on the amount of plasticizer content. Rigid PVC contains little to no plasticizer (less than 10%), exhibiting good mechanical strength, weather resistance, and flame resistance. It is often used in the chemical industry for pipes and sheets. On the other hand, Flexible PVC contains 30-70% plasticizer, along with stabilizers and other additives, making it flexible, transparent, and elastic. Flexible PVC is commonly used for flooring, ceilings, and leather surfaces but is more prone to brittleness and has lower strength.
Stretch Types of PVC
PVC stretch film, also known as PVC cling film, offers superior cling, stretchability, and clarity compared to other options like polyethylene (PE) stretch film. The stretchability of PVC film typically ranges from 150-200%, while PE film offers higher elasticity, usually around 300-400%. PVC film is more resistant to punctures and tears, making it ideal for delicate items, whereas PE film is stronger and more durable, suitable for heavier loads. Additionally, due to its eco-friendly nature, PE stretch film is becoming a preferred option across industries.
Environmental Impact
When choosing the right PVC, it is essential to consider its environmental implications. The production and use of PVC can contribute to environmental pollution due to organic vapour emissions, wastewater generation, and the release of toxic gases during careless disposal or incineration. Additionally, the presence of additives like phthalates in PVC may pose risks to environmental and human health over time. Therefore, it is crucial to carefully consider the potential ecological and health impacts associated with different types of PVC.
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Cutting: Use domestic scissors or a rotary cutter
Cutting PVC plastic can be challenging and frustrating if you don't know the right methods or tools. It is important to pick the right tool for the job. While PVC is generally easy to cut compared to other materials, it is not recommended to cut it with regular domestic scissors. This is because PVC is a thicker plastic, and cutting it with regular scissors can be difficult and not always effective.
However, heavy-duty or specialty cordless scissors can be used to cut thinner plastics and PVC pipes. These power scissors can be found at major home improvement stores and can cut through plastic and almost any other material. If you are cutting smaller pipes of 1 inch in diameter or less, scissor-type plastic cutters are effective but require more hand effort. Ratchet-style cutters are more accurate and can cut larger-diameter pipes of up to 1.5 inches.
To use scissor-style cutters, apply pressure to the handles and slowly rotate the cutter around the pipe, ensuring the cut is straight. Continue rotating until you cut through the pipe. For ratchet-style cutters, place the blade over the mark on the pipe, squeeze the handle, and then release. Repeat the ratcheting action until the pipe is cut into two pieces.
It is important to note that cutting PVC can produce rough edges and stray fragments. Therefore, it is recommended to take frequent breaks to prevent strain on your hands and wrists from repetitive cutting.
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Sewing machine setup: Use a walking foot without the guiding arm
Sewing with PVC can be challenging, but using a walking foot (without the guiding arm) on your sewing machine can make the process much easier. A walking foot is a specialised attachment for your sewing machine that improves the way your machine handles multiple layers of fabric, thick materials, and slippery or sticky fabrics.
To set up your sewing machine with a walking foot, follow these steps:
- Remove the presser foot holder: First, remove the entire presser foot holder from the shank of your machine by unscrewing it. The presser foot holder includes both the snap-on foot and the screw that holds it in place.
- Attach the walking foot: Place the walking foot attachment onto the shank, ensuring that the movable lever on the right rests on top of the screw that secures your needle. This step is crucial for the proper functioning of the walking foot. Some walking feet have a C-shaped prong at the end of the movable arm that fits around the screw.
- Secure the walking foot: Once the walking foot is in place, tighten the screw to secure it. Refer to your sewing machine's user manual for specific instructions, as different machines may have slightly different attachment methods.
- Adjust the movable lever: The movable lever on the walking foot must be moved up and down during sewing. This movement is controlled by the screw that holds the needle in place.
- Test the setup: After installing the walking foot, you can sew as usual. Remember that the walking foot will help you manage the PVC fabric more effectively, reducing issues like puckering, shifting, or bunching.
By following these steps, you can successfully set up your sewing machine with a walking foot without the guiding arm, making it easier to sew PVC plastic and achieve professional-looking results.
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Stitch type: Use a stretch stitch, but don't stretch the fabric while stitching
Sewing with PVC can be tricky, but it adds durability, ease of cleaning, and water resistance to items. When sewing PVC, it is recommended to use a walking foot (without the guiding arm) on your sewing machine.
When sewing stretch fabric, it is important to choose the right type of stitch to allow for flexibility and movement. One option for a stretch stitch is the lightning bolt stitch, which is commonly available on modern sewing machines. This stitch creates a stretchy seam, but it may not be strong enough for certain projects and can occasionally cause seams to pop.
Another option is the triple stitch, also known as the stretch straight stitch. This stitch is stronger and stretchier than the lightning bolt stitch and is created by sewing each stitch forward and backward three times. It is a good choice for seams that need to be strong and look clean, without puckering or finishing together with a zigzag or overcasting stitch. However, the triple stitch can be challenging to remove if mistakes are made, and it may not be suitable for delicate fabrics.
Additionally, the zigzag stitch is a naturally stretchy option that is well-suited for sewing knit fabrics. By adjusting the stitch width and length, you can minimise the appearance of stitches on the outside of the fabric. A shorter and narrower zigzag will be less visible.
To strengthen your stitches when sewing stretch fabric, consider using Maxi Lock stretch thread in your bobbin. This thread adds extra stretch and strength to your stitches. Alternatively, you can use wooly nylon thread, although it may shred more easily. When using stretch thread, you will need to wind it by hand or with the help of your finger and the machine's tension to transfer it from the cone to your bobbin.
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Avoiding mistakes: PVC doesn't heal, so holes from pins or needles are permanent
Sewing with PVC plastic can be challenging due to its non-healing property. PVC is made of plastic, so unlike regular fabric, any holes created by pins or needles remain permanent. This characteristic leaves little room for error, making it crucial to get it right the first time. Here are some tips to avoid mistakes when sewing PVC plastic:
Practice on a Scrap Piece First: Use a test piece of PVC to familiarize yourself with its behaviour and adjust your machine settings. Check that the machine is threaded correctly, the fabric isn't sticking, and the tension is optimal. This practice will help you refine your technique before working on the actual project.
Avoid Stretching the Fabric: PVC, especially the stretchy varieties, may tempt you to stretch it while sewing. However, doing so will alter its shape permanently due to the seam holding it in its stretched position. Instead, let the fabric lie flat and pin it as it falls. Use a stretch stitch to allow the fabric to stretch after removing the tear-away tissue.
Use Clips Instead of Pins: Clips, such as Clover Clips or binder clips, can hold PVC layers together without leaving permanent holes, unlike sewing pins. This method is especially useful when working with multiple layers of PVC, ensuring no unsightly holes or compromised seam strength.
Avoid Direct Ironing: PVC is sensitive to heat, and direct ironing will melt the plastic and leave permanent marks. To remove creases, hover the iron above the PVC or use a pressing cloth with light and quick presses. Alternatively, a hairdryer on a low setting or a heat gun can help smooth out creases without direct contact.
Choose the Right Needle: Always use a brand new, sharp needle when sewing PVC. Since you are puncturing plastic, a fresh, sharp needle is essential to creating clean holes and avoiding skipped stitches. Additionally, consider using a non-stick needle to prevent the PVC from sticking to the needle.
Use a Teflon Foot: Clear vinyl or PVC tends to stick to the sewing machine. To prevent this, use a Teflon foot (a non-stick foot) or cover the bed of the machine with taped-down parchment or tissue paper. This will allow the fabric to glide smoothly without sticking and reduce the risk of thread looping on the back.
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Frequently asked questions
PVC, or polyvinyl chloride, is a type of plastic fabric that is shiny and smooth on one side and has a woven fabric backing, typically made of polyester, on the other. It is available in different weights and thicknesses, with 8 gauge being the thinnest and 20 gauge being heavier and more durable.
Sewing with PVC can add a unique dimension to your projects. It is durable, easy to clean, and weather/waterproof. It is also reasonably priced and available in clear, printed, or flannel-backed varieties.
Cutting PVC fabric can be challenging due to its transparency. It is recommended to use domestic scissors or a rotary cutter, and to place a pattern piece underneath the vinyl for better accuracy.
When sewing PVC, it is recommended to use a non-stick needle and a Teflon needle plate to prevent sticking. Polyester thread is suggested for its durability. It is important to note that PVC does not heal, so any holes created by pins or needles will remain visible.
Yes, PVC can melt under heat, so it is important to avoid applying heat to your seams. Additionally, PVC is stretchy, but you should avoid stretching it while stitching. Use a stretch stitch and let the fabric recoil and hold its shape naturally.
