Omar Khalid
Plastic wrap is commonly used to package high-moisture bales, as it is the best way to encase them and prevent spoilage. The amount of plastic used to wrap a bale depends on the type of crop, moisture level, and storage conditions. Research suggests that a minimum of six wraps of plastic, with a total thickness of at least 6 ml, is required to effectively protect the bale from spoilage. The cost of plastic wrap can vary, with some farmers reporting expenses of around $4 to $4.50 per bale, while others estimate it to be between $7 and $8 per bale. The use of plastic wrap can be beneficial for both small and large farms, helping to reduce drying time, improve leaf retention, and eliminate the need for storage structures. However, it is important to consider the environmental impact of plastic waste in farming and explore alternative methods such as net wrapping or twine.
How much plastic to wrap a round bale
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Plastic thickness | A minimum of 6ml of plastic wrap is recommended, with 4 layers of 1.5ml or 6 layers of 1.0ml |
| Number of layers | 6 to 8 layers with partial overlap |
| Plastic type | Low-density polyethylene with 55% stretch capability |
| Plastic colour | White is preferred over black as it absorbs less heat |
| Net wrap | Vermeer Net is recommended to be used before plastic wrap to prevent air pockets and make bales more consistent |
| Orientation | North-South to prevent sun damage |
| Cost | $4 to $8 per bale |
What You'll Learn
Plastic wrap is more effective than twine for high-moisture bales
Plastic wrap is the most common material used to package high-moisture bales. This is because it is the best way to properly encase them. Twine-wrapped bales can also get the job done, but they are more susceptible to water damage. Twine bales should be stored in well-drained or sheltered sites to reduce water damage. Netwrap is also recommended over rodenticide-treated sisal twine, as the latter can degrade the plastic film.
Plastic wrap is particularly useful for high-moisture bales because it helps to lock out air with layers of plastic film, specifically limiting the availability of oxygen inside the bale. Bales spoil when microorganisms in the hay have enough air and water to be active and consume nutrients in the crop. As they eat and breathe, they create heat and water vapour in the bale. Limiting the available oxygen causes the microorganisms to go dormant, preserving nutritional value for livestock.
Research at the University of Wisconsin (Undersander et al.) studied using 1.0 ml and 1.5 ml plastic and various numbers of wrappings. Internal bale temperatures were monitored and showed that bales wrapped with at least 6 ml of plastic (either four 1.5ml layers or six 1.0 ml layers) had an immediate temperature drop and reached ambient temperature in about 8-9 days. The researchers concluded that bales should receive at least 6 ml of total plastic. The total plastic thickness, not the number of wraps, appears to be the most important factor.
The cost of plastic wrap must also be considered. Plastic wrap is more expensive than twine, with the Pennsylvania Custom Rate Report putting bale wrapping in a range between $7-8/bale. However, the cost of plastic wrap may be worth it for the benefits of reduced drying time, better leaf retention, no storage structures needed, and a reduction in weather risk.
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Plastic wrap is more expensive than twine
When it comes to wrapping round bales, plastic wrap is more expensive than twine. The cost of plastic wrap ranges from $4 to $8 per bale, while twine is a more economical option in terms of equipment and material costs. However, it's important to consider the trade-offs when choosing between plastic wrap and twine.
Plastic wrap offers several advantages, including better protection against moisture and weather conditions. It helps shed rain and prevents the absorption of ground moisture, reducing hay loss and bleaching damage from the sun. On the other hand, twine-wrapped bales are more susceptible to water damage and require proper storage on well-drained surfaces or sheltered sites.
The decision between plastic wrap and twine involves a trade-off between cost and efficiency. While twine is less expensive upfront, it may lead to higher losses during storage and handling due to its lower durability compared to plastic wrap. Netwrap, a variation of plastic wrap, is recommended to be used in conjunction with twine to enhance the overall protection of the bale. It helps create a smoother surface and reduces the possibility of holes in the film, which can lead to mould or yeast creation.
Additionally, the choice of wrapping material depends on the specific needs and constraints of the farm. For example, farms with limited barn space might find plastic wrap more advantageous as it allows for outdoor storage. On the other hand, farms with ample storage space and proper drainage may opt for twine to minimise costs.
In conclusion, while plastic wrap is more expensive than twine, it offers benefits such as improved protection against moisture and weather conditions, reduced hay loss, and the ability to store bales outdoors. Twine, on the other hand, is a more cost-effective option upfront but may result in higher losses during storage and handling. Ultimately, the decision should be based on a comprehensive understanding of the farm's unique requirements, potential losses, and the overall impact on productivity and quality.
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Plastic wrap is more time-efficient than twine
Plastic wrap is increasingly being used to wrap round bales, and for good reason. While twine has been a traditional method, plastic wrap offers greater efficiency in terms of time and labour.
First and foremost, plastic wrap is faster to apply than twine. Netwrap, a type of plastic wrap, requires only two to four rotations per bale, whereas twine demands 20 rotations. This difference in application speed translates into a significant time advantage for farmers. The American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) found that using netwrap instead of twine increased bale production by an average of 32% per bale.
The speed and efficiency of plastic wrap are further enhanced by its ability to streamline labour resources. By using the same process and tools for both wet and dry hay, farmers can save time and effort. This is in contrast to twine, which may require different techniques and equipment for varying moisture levels in the hay.
Additionally, plastic wrap excels in protecting the hay from external factors. It helps to shed water and prevent moisture from seeping into the bales, reducing spoilage and preserving the quality of the hay. This is especially beneficial for farmers who store their bales outdoors, as it eliminates the need for costly and time-consuming construction of permanent storage structures.
Moreover, plastic wrap contributes to the overall efficiency of the farming process. By reducing hay waste and preserving the quality of the hay over longer periods, plastic wrap ensures that the calves consume more of the feed. This leads to improved feed utilisation and a reduction in the time and resources required for hay replacement.
While plastic wrap offers undeniable time efficiency advantages, it is essential to consider the environmental impact of plastic waste. Farmers should explore sustainable alternatives, such as netwrap or biodegradable options, to minimise the ecological footprint of their operations.
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Plastic wrap is more effective when used with netwrap
Plastic wrap is the most common material used to package high-moisture bales as it is the best way to encase them properly. However, when used in conjunction with netwrap, plastic wrap becomes even more effective. Netwrap is a net-like material typically used to wrap and secure round or square bales of hay, straw, or silage. It is made from high-density polyethylene (HDPE), a durable, resilient material known for its exceptional resistance to environmental stressors.
Netwrap provides a tight, secure wrap around each bale, reducing losses during handling, transportation, and storage due to spillage or disintegration. It also protects against weather damage and pests, preventing crop degradation. The inherent properties of HDPE make it suitable for long-term outdoor usage, as its UV resistance ensures that the netwrap retains its integrity and strength even when exposed to prolonged sunlight.
By using netwrap in combination with plastic wrap, farmers can create a smoother bale surface, reducing the possibility of holes in the plastic film. Netwrap also helps to maintain the shape of the bale, resulting in a tighter, more uniform, and stable package during storage. Additionally, netwrap can increase bale production efficiency, requiring only two to four rotations per bale compared to 20 rotations for twine.
Overall, using plastic wrap with netwrap can lead to reduced handling and storage losses, improved crop protection, and increased production efficiency, making it a more effective combination for wrapping round bales.
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Plastic wrap is more effective for dry bales when used with an in-line wrapper
Wrapping dry bales in plastic is a common practice that offers multiple benefits. The use of plastic wrap, in combination with an in-line wrapper, is particularly effective for maintaining bale quality and reducing spoilage.
Plastic wrap acts as a barrier, preventing moisture and air movement within the bale. This is crucial for inhibiting the growth of microbes that can cause spoilage and preserving the quality of the hay. Research suggests that a minimum of 6 ml of total plastic wrap is necessary to effectively limit oxygen movement, with the ideal number of layers depending on crop type, moisture levels, and storage duration.
The in-line wrapper plays a significant role in applying these layers of plastic wrap efficiently. It ensures that the plastic is tightly and evenly distributed around the bale, creating a robust barrier against external elements. This combination of plastic wrap and in-line wrapper helps dry bales shed rain, snow, and prevent moisture from wicking up from the ground, resulting in reduced dry matter loss.
Additionally, the in-line wrapper allows for a more streamlined process, as the same equipment can be used for both wet and dry hay. This simplifies labour requirements and saves time, making it a cost-effective solution, especially for larger farms. The use of plastic wrap with an in-line wrapper is a recommended practice for those seeking to maintain bale quality and minimise spoilage, thereby enhancing the overall effectiveness of dry bale storage.
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Frequently asked questions
A few layers of plastic film are required to wrap a round bale. The exact amount depends on the type of crop being baled. Grassy crops with large leaves will have less spoilage, whereas crops like alfalfa will allow water to penetrate deeper into the bale. A minimum of six wraps of low-density polyethylene plastic wrap about 1 mil in thickness, with 55% stretch capability, is recommended. The total plastic thickness is more important than the number of wraps.
Plastic wrap helps to protect the hay and sustain its quality over longer periods of time when stored outdoors. It also streamlines labour resources and time by using the same process and tools for both wet and dry hay. Plastic wrap can also help to reduce drying time and improve leaf retention compared to dry hay.
Yes, twine or net wrap can also be used to wrap round bales. However, net-wrapped bales will fare better and shed water more effectively than twine-wrapped bales. Netwrap also requires fewer rotations per bale and reduces storage and handling losses compared to twine.
