Maya Ellison
Plastic pipes are a standard for plumbing due to their safety, sturdiness, and low cost. They are also used in a variety of DIY projects. There are several types of plastic pipes, including PVC, CPVC, ABS, PEX, and PB. PB pipes, or Polybutylene pipes, were commonly used for domestic water piping in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s. While PB pipes are no longer produced due to lawsuits related to fitting assembly failures, they are still present in some homes. In this article, we will discuss the different methods for connecting PB plastic pipes, including push-fit systems, socket fusion, and mechanical compression fittings. We will also explore the tools and techniques required for a successful and leak-proof connection.
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What You'll Learn
Using mechanical compression fittings
Connecting PB plastic pipes with mechanical compression fittings is a straightforward process, but it's important to ensure a secure and watertight connection. Here's a step-by-step guide:
First, it's crucial to ensure that the pipe sizes are compatible and appropriate for the specific system requirements. Verify that the materials are compatible with the specific application and fluid medium. For instance, PB (polybutylene) pipes are prone to splitting and leaking, so they are rarely used in new installations. Instead, consider replacing old PB pipes with more reliable materials such as PEX or CPVC.
Once you have the correct pipe and fittings, start by cleaning and deburring the pipe with wire wool to remove any dirt or residue. This ensures a smooth surface for the connection. Next, you'll need to assemble the compression fitting, which consists of a threaded nut, a compression ring, and an insert adapter. Insert the plastic pipe into the adapter, ensuring it's pushed firmly into the fitting. Then, reverse the nut, washer, and rubber washer onto the section of pipe you're connecting to. The rubber washer should be a tight fit and sit at least 15-20mm onto the pipe.
Slide the joint body onto the pipe until it sits snugly against the rubber washer. Then, slide the washer and nut down the pipe, covering the rubber washer and biting into the threaded section of the joint. Tighten the nut, compressing the rubber washer and creating a secure, watertight seal. This process compresses the washer stack, causing it to expand laterally and form a strong connection.
Finally, mark the cooling times on the pipework next to the fitting, along with any other relevant information, such as joint reference numbers and dates. This helps with future maintenance and ensures the connection remains secure. By following these steps, you can confidently connect PB plastic pipes using mechanical compression fittings, creating a reliable and durable joint.
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Gluing PVC pipes together
Polybutylene (PB) piping was commonly used for domestic water piping in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s. However, due to lawsuits related to fitting assembly failures, PB piping is no longer produced. If you are looking to connect PB piping, it is recommended to use PEX crimping rings and PEX crimping tools on barbed PB connections. Alternatively, certain PB-1 push-fit plumbing systems can be used without the need for tools, glues, or heat.
If you are looking to glue PVC pipes together, here is a step-by-step guide:
Prepare your space:
The process of gluing PVC pipes can be messy, so it is recommended to lay a drop cloth beneath the project area to catch any drips or stains.
Dry fit your pipes:
Before gluing, it is important to dry fit your pipes first to ensure they fit properly. Arrange and fit all the pipes and fittings together, checking measurements and making any necessary adjustments. Mark the pipes for alignment to help you remember how the fittings should be positioned once the glue is applied.
Choose the right glue:
When gluing PVC pipes, it is crucial to use the right type of glue or cement. PVC cement, used in conjunction with a primer, creates a chemical reaction that melts a thin layer of PVC temporarily. This layer then resolidifies, forming a waterproof and airtight seal. Make sure to choose the appropriate PVC cement for your project, as there are different types available for specific applications and environments.
Apply primer:
Primer is essential when gluing PVC pipes as it softens and cleans the plastic surface, allowing for better adhesion. Use a purple primer so that it is visible to building inspectors. Shake the can of primer for about 30 seconds, then wipe off any excess on the lid. Spread the primer on the outside of the pipe's end and the inside of the pipe fitting collar.
Apply glue and connect pipes:
Work quickly as PVC glue dries fast. Insert the pipe into the matching fitting and rotate it a quarter turn to line up your reference marks. Twisting the fitting helps spread the cement evenly. Hold the pipe and fitting together for about 15 seconds to prevent the pipe from being pushed out of the fitting. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for information on how long to wait before handling the connected PVC.
By following these steps, you can effectively glue PVC pipes together to create a strong and leak-free seal.
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PB-1 push-fit plumbing systems
Polybutene-1 (PB-1) push-fit plumbing systems are quick and easy to install, without the need for tools, glues or heat. They are suitable for use with plastic pipes or copper tubes, provided the manufacturer's instructions are followed. PB-1 systems are applicable for a wide range of plumbing and heating installations, including hot and cold water applications and underfloor heating.
The flexibility, low weight, and reduced pipe wall thickness of PB-1 pipes make them ideal for projects requiring installations in tight, cramped spaces. The long flexible pipe in coils means fewer connections, resulting in faster installation times and lower overall project costs. PB-1 pipes can be easily measured and cut on-site, and their flexibility allows them to be cabled around obstructions and through joists, reducing the number of joints required.
There are four main methods for joining Polybutene-1 pipes with fittings. One such method is the socket fusion technique, which is designed for off-site prefabrication. This method involves welding the pipe and fitting components together under controlled temperatures and times to achieve consistently acceptable welds. Off-site prefabrication can be advantageous for busy construction sites or installations at commercial and industrial locations, where interruptions can be costly and disruptive.
Another option for joining PB-1 pipes is through mechanical compression fittings. These fittings are specifically designed for connecting Polybutene-1 pipes to metal system components. By separating the sealing and clamping areas, compression fittings create a tension-free, durable, and leak-proof connection without the need for an elastomeric seal.
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Sanding plastic pipes
Polybutylene (PB) piping was commonly used for domestic water piping in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s. PB pipes are identified by their grey colour. While PB pipes and fittings are no longer produced due to lawsuits related to fitting assembly failures, they are still present in some homes.
PB pipes are usually joined using a push-fit plumbing system, which does not require tools, glues, or heat. However, if you need to sand PB pipes before joining them, it is important to note that sanding soft plastics like polybutylene can be challenging and may result in undesirable burrs and surface stretching.
If you need to smooth the edges of PB pipes, it is recommended to use a utility knife or a hacksaw instead of sanding. If you do choose to sand, it is important to take the necessary precautions. Use wet/dry sandpaper, steel wool, or scouring pads, and always sand under water to prevent the release of plastic particles and dust.
When sanding plastic pipes, it is important to start with coarse-grit sandpaper and work your way to a finer grit for a smoother finish. Avoid using electric or power sanders as they can remove too much material too quickly. Instead, opt for hand sanding and sand in all directions to avoid straight-line striations that can create grooves on the surface.
After sanding, you can further prepare the pipe for painting or joining by cleaning it with acetone. Wear rubber gloves, dampen a clean rag with acetone, and wipe down the pipe. Allow it to dry for 20 to 30 minutes. The acetone will remove any remaining sanding dust and prepare the surface for painting or gluing.
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Using PEX crimping rings and tools
PEX crimp rings and tools are used to connect PB plastic pipes. Before you start, ensure that your local plumbing code allows PEX.
First, turn off the water supply and cut the PEX pipes to the desired length. The crimp ring should be 1/8 to 1/4 of an inch from the end of the PEX pipe. Slide the crimp ring onto the PEX pipe, followed by the fitting. Position the PEX crimping tool at 90 degrees over the crimp ring and squeeze until you hear a pop.
You can also use a combination of PEX and SharkBites to fix a leaky copper pipe. SharkBites are more expensive but are great for tight spaces.
If you are transitioning from PB to PEX, you can use the same crimp tool with a special coupling that fits PEX on one side and PB on the other.
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Frequently asked questions
Polybutylene (PB) piping was commonly used for domestic water piping in the United States during the 1970s and 1980s. It is identifiable by its grey colour.
PB-1 push-fit plumbing systems are quick to install, without the need for tools, glues, or heat. They can be used on plastic pipes or copper tubes, as long as the manufacturer's instructions are followed.
PB-1 pipes are lightweight, flexible, and easy to ship and handle on-site. They are also suitable for use in most plumbing and heating installations, including hot and cold water and underfloor heating applications.
No, you should not use PEX fittings on polybutylene pipes. However, you can use PEX crimping rings and PEX crimping tools on barbed PB connections.
