Ethan Clarke
PEX, short for cross-linked polyethylene, is a flexible plastic used for plumbing. It is a popular alternative to copper and steel pipes as it is flexible, easy to install, and inexpensive. PEX can be connected to existing copper and steel pipes using fittings, small pieces that link the two types of plumbing together. There are several methods to connect PEX to plastic pipe, including push-fit, compression, expansion, and crimp fittings.
Characteristics and Values Table for Connecting PEX to Plastic Pipe
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| PEX pipe material | Cross-linked polyethylene, a flexible plastic |
| Cost | Less than half the price of copper |
| Installation | Faster and easier than copper, no soldering required |
| Corrosion | Unlike copper, PEX does not corrode, avoiding leaks and water contamination |
| Noise | Water travels noiselessly through PEX |
| Maintenance | Easy to service and replace, especially with a maintenance loop |
| Temperature range | Withstands a wide range of temperatures, from sub-freezing to 200°F |
| Flexibility | Can be bent around sharp corners, reducing the need for elbow fittings |
| Memory | PEX has a strong memory and wants to spring back to its original shape |
| Connection methods | Push-fit, compression, expansion, crimp, clamp, and glued fittings |
| Tools required | Special connectors and tools are needed, e.g., PEX expander tool, crimping tool, compression tool |
| Safety | Keep PEX away from hot items as plastic can melt |
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What You'll Learn
Using expansion fittings
PEX, or cross-linked polyethylene, is a flexible plastic used for plumbing. It is a popular piping material for residential hot and cold water systems. PEX tubing is available at local hardware stores and online.
When connecting PEX to plastic pipe, there are several methods that can be used. One common and easy method is to use a stab-in fitting, such as the SharkBite brand. This method does not require soldering, which can save time and avoid the need for well-ventilated spaces or respirators. However, it is important to check with a plumbing inspector if you plan to bury this connection in a wall or ceiling, as some areas do not allow stab-in fittings to be concealed.
Another method is to solder a tee and a PEX supply adapter, and then slip the PEX supply tubing over the adapter, securing it with the chosen connection method. This can also be done by using a stab-in tee to connect PEX fittings to CPVC, but it is important to read the label to find the compatible fitting.
If you are using an expansion ring, you must use expansion fittings. Expansion fittings have a wider ID that keeps the pipe in constant tension. PEX-A expansion fittings are not suitable for use with PEX-B pipe, as the PEX-B pipe is more rigid and less flexible. Expansion fittings can only be used with PEX-A and require a cold expansion tool and sleeves.
- Square cut PEX pipe 90 degrees to the desired pipe length.
- Slide an F1960 PEX ring onto the pipe until it reaches the positive stop within the ring.
- Use a pipe expander to fully expand the ring. Repeat the expansion, rotating the expander 1/8 turn between expansions (approximately 5-7 times).
- Insert the fitting into the expanded pipe and ring. Ensure proper expansion so that the fitting touches the pipe and ring.
- Hold the fitting in place until the pipe and ring constrict annularly around it. The installation is complete when a secure connection is visible.
It is important to note that PEX cannot be directly connected to a water heater. A pipe extension of 18 inches is required between the water heater and the PEX connection. Additionally, PEX should not be used outdoors as ultraviolet rays can cause it to break down quickly.
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Compression fittings
When selecting a compression fitting for PEX tubing, it is important to consider the fitting's properties and ensure material compatibility to prevent chemical reactions. Brass compression fittings are commonly used, but they must be lead-free if used for potable water systems. Stainless steel and plastic fittings are also suitable options.
To install a compression fitting, follow these steps:
- Select the appropriate size reamer inlet and insert it fully into the PEX pipe. Ensure that the edge of the pipe touches the reamer's blade.
- While holding the pipe, firmly push the reamer in and turn it 2-3 full turns in any direction. Shavings indicate that the procedure is being performed correctly, and the pipe has returned to its original round shape.
- Slide the compression nut over the pipe, followed by the split O-ring.
- Fully insert the main body of the PEX compression fitting into the pipe.
- Slide the nut and O-ring toward the fitting and tighten the compression nut by hand (around 2 full turns).
- Position a wrench over the fitting and the compression nut and tighten the compression nut (around 1-1.5 full turns), being careful not to over-tighten.
It is important to note that compression fittings may not be suitable for high-pressure applications as they have a higher risk of leaks compared to other connection methods. Additionally, if the PEX piping is exposed to sunlight, UV rays can degrade the material over time, so UV-resistant fittings and pipes are necessary.
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Push-fit connections
When making a PEX connection using push-style fittings, start by cutting the tubing square. Then, check your fitting to ensure that the tubing stiffeners that slip into the PEX tubing are present. Not all push fittings have these attached, but many recommend using stiffeners. If stiffeners are required but not integral to the fitting, insert them into the tubing before connecting the fitting. To connect, simply push the fitting onto the tubing until it bottoms out.
Push-to-connect systems offer a number of advantages. When used in conjunction with PEX, they require fewer fittings than rigid piping, resulting in quicker installation. PEX can be curved around corners without the need for elbow fittings, installed in long runs without the use of couplings, and allows water to flow silently, eliminating or decreasing the water hammer or knocking sound often associated with metal pipes.
While push-fit systems are well-established and growing in residential and commercial use, some plumbers and contractors are reluctant to use them due to concerns about leaks and a lack of experience with PEX and push-to-connect systems. To avoid issues, it is important to keep push fittings in a clean place until use, as dirt, dust, and other particles can compromise the seal between the fitting and pipe. Additionally, do not install push-to-connect systems outdoors without protection from direct sunlight, and refer to the manufacturer's instructions and UV rating if burying the system in dirt.
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Crimp fittings
Cross-linked polyethylene, or PEX, is a bendable plastic piping that has been strengthened using a special chemical process. PEX is a popular choice for residential plumbing due to its ability to withstand a wide range of temperatures and its flexibility, which allows it to navigate corners easily.
One of the most common ways to connect PEX pipes is by using crimp rings with a compression tool. Crimp rings are bands of metal, typically made of copper, that are slipped over the fitting and compressed with a crimp ring tool to create a tight connection. This process requires some understanding of how to properly compress the crimp ring, and special tools are usually needed.
To connect PEX pipes using crimp fittings, begin by cutting the PEX tubing square. Then, slide the crimp ring onto the tubing, followed by the fitting, ensuring it is fully seated. Position the crimp ring approximately 1/8 to 1/4 of an inch from the end of the tubing, so that it sits over the fitting's central ribs or barbs. If using a manual or power tool, ensure it is positioned at 90 degrees to the tubing and squeeze the handles fully, allowing the tool to cycle completely before releasing it.
After crimping, check the connection using a go/no-go gauge to ensure it is secure and has not been over-crimped or under-crimped. If the connection is not secure, the tubing will need to be cut, as it will be damaged by the crimp.
It is important to note that PEX crimp fittings are only suitable for PEX-A or PEX-B piping and must be used with copper or stainless steel crimp rings. Additionally, check that your local plumbing code allows the use of PEX, as some places may require the use of copper pipes.
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Clamp fittings
PEX, or cross-linked polyethylene, is a bendable plastic piping that has become popular for plumbing due to its flexibility, ease of installation, and ability to withstand a wide range of temperatures.
One method of connecting PEX to plastic pipe is through the use of clamp fittings, also known as clamp-ring connections. This method is suitable for connecting PEX to existing metal pipes, and it involves crimping the PEX tubing onto the male end of the fitting. The female end of the fitting can then be soldered or threaded onto the existing pipe.
To use clamp fittings, follow these steps:
- Identify the pipe material and select the appropriate transition fitting. Ensure that the fitting is compatible with both PEX and plastic pipes.
- Cut the pipe cleanly and squarely. Mark the insertion depth prior to connecting the pipes.
- Insert the barbed or threaded end of the fitting into the PEX tube until it is secure against the cut edges. Ensure that the fitting is pushed in up to the insertion mark.
- Place a crimp ring (a band of metal, usually copper) onto the pipe, covering the barbed end of the fitting. Position it about 1/8 to 1/4 inch from the end of the pipe.
- Tighten the fitting by hand to ensure it is secure.
- Use a crimping tool to compress the crimp ring and create a tight connection. Line up the jaws of the crimping tool over the crimp ring and compress the handles together.
It is important to note that the clamp method is considered slightly easier to install compared to crimp rings, but there may be more failures with clamps over time. Additionally, only brass fittings are approved for underground or underslab use, and plastic fittings should not be used in hidden areas.
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Frequently asked questions
PEX stands for cross-linked polyethylene, a flexible plastic used for plumbing.
PEX is cheaper, easier to install, and does not corrode, avoiding water contamination and leaks.
PEX has a strong memory and always wants to spring back to its original shape. It is best to buy 10-foot "sticks" instead of coils to avoid frustration and kinks. PEX manufacturers recommend working with the pipe at temperatures above freezing.
There are several methods to connect PEX to plastic pipe, including push-fit, compression, expansion, crimp, and clamp fittings. Push-fit connections are the quickest method, involving special push-to-connect fittings that pop onto the end of the PEX tubing, creating a seal.
First, identify the pipe material and select a transition fitting. Cut the pipe cleanly and squarely. Brush PVC primer on the fitting and pipe, then apply glue to the end of the pipe and within the fitting. Slip the fitting over the end of the PVC, and on the PEX pipe, place a matching threaded female fitting. Twist the pipe ends together to seal the line.
