Maya Ellison
Plastic PEX fittings are common in both Crimp and Cold-Expansion types and are typically moulded from Polysulfone (PLS or PPSU). They are often more advantageous than brass fittings in corrosive water conditions and are also cheaper to purchase. However, they have a smaller ID than other materials, which increases flow restriction and negatively affects flow rate. When connecting PEX pipe to PEX crimp fittings, a crimp ring and a PEX crimping tool are used. The crimp ring is inserted over the pipe, and the fitting is inserted inside the pipe. The ring is then crimped over the pipe and fitting using the PEX crimping tool. This technique is considered a fast and inexpensive way of connecting PEX and has been widely used in the industry.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Materials | Polysulfone (PPSU/PLS), Polyalloy, Brass, Copper, Stainless Steel |
| Advantages | Plastic fittings offer advantages over brass in corrosive water conditions |
| Installation Tools | PEX crimping tool, Stainless pinch clamp, Expansion tool |
| Installation Process | Cut tubing, slip on the crimp ring, insert fitting, crimp ring, check connection |
| Flow Rate | Plastic Crimp PEX fittings have a smaller ID, increasing flow restriction and negatively impacting flow rate |
| Cost | Plastic Crimp PEX fittings are cheaper to purchase than Brass or Stainless |
| Reusability | Plastic fittings can be reused but are difficult to cleanly cut without damaging |
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What You'll Learn
Plastic PEX fittings are moulded from Polysulfone (PLS/PPSU)
Plastic PEX fittings, moulded from Polysulfone (PLS/PPSU), are commonly used in both Crimp and Cold-Expansion fittings. Plastic fittings offer advantages over brass fittings in certain corrosive water conditions.
The two primary differences between Crimp and Cold-expansion plastic fittings are:
- They utilize different fastening methods, installation processes, and tools: Crimp fittings can be installed with a stainless pinch clamp, requiring a different tool than crimp rings. Cold-expansion fittings are made to standard ASTM F1960, which covers both plastic and metal fittings.
- They differ significantly in flow passage open area: Plastic Crimp Fittings have a smaller inner diameter than other materials, which increases flow restriction and negatively affects flow rate. Cold-expansion plastic fittings, on the other hand, have similar flow passage requirements to metal fittings, eliminating flow restriction concerns.
It is important to note that there are different standards for Crimp PEX fittings: ASTM 2159 for plastic and ASTM 1807 for metal. This is because plastic fittings require thicker walls, impacting the flow rate. Despite this restriction, plastic Crimp PEX fittings are typically more affordable than Brass or Stainless PEX options.
In terms of attachment rings, polyalloy plastic PEX fittings can be used with both copper crimp rings and Oetiker-style stainless-steel cinch rings. However, some sources indicate that plastic fittings can only accept copper crimp rings, and specific manufacturers may have their own recommendations for attachment rings.
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Crimp vs Cold-Expansion types
Plastic PEX fittings are very common in both Crimp and Cold-Expansion types. Both types are made up of the same material, but there are some key differences to consider when deciding between the two. Firstly, they utilise different fastening, installation methods and tools. Secondly, they differ significantly in flow passage open area.
Crimp fittings are inserted into the unaltered tube and clamped down with a metal ring outside of the PEX tube that sits over the fitting. This reduces the inner diameter of the passage where the fitting sits, which can negatively affect flow rate. Plastic crimp PEX fittings are cheaper to purchase than brass or stainless PEX, but the flow restriction may be a significant drawback.
Cold-Expansion fittings, on the other hand, are made to standard ASTM F1960, which covers both plastic and metal fittings. This means that flow restriction is not an issue, and they are therefore much more common than plastic crimp PEX fittings. Metal cold-expansion fittings are often selected when a threaded fitting is needed. The installation process for cold-expansion PEX fittings involves first sliding the PEX-reinforcing ring over the end of the pipe, then using an expansion tool to expand the pipe according to the manufacturer's instructions. The fitting is then inserted into the pipe until the shoulder of the expansion ring touches the shoulder of the fitting.
Ultimately, the decision between Crimp and Cold-Expansion types will depend on factors such as the desired flow rate, the tools available for installation, and the specific requirements of the plumbing project.
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Brass vs plastic fittings
Brass and plastic PEX fittings have their own advantages and disadvantages. Brass PEX fittings are generally more expensive than plastic PEX fittings. Brass fittings are stronger and more reliable, and they are the best choice when the application demands a stronger fitting. Brass fittings can also hold up to mechanical stress better. They are also easier to install, as all you need is a tool that clamps the copper crimp ring down. Brass fittings are also not subject to dezincification. However, brass fittings can be more prone to corrosion, especially in certain corrosive water conditions, and they can also be affected by high temperatures, which can result in severe leakage. Brass fittings also have a larger flow passage than plastic fittings, which have a smaller inner diameter, which increases flow restriction and negatively affects flow rate.
Plastic PEX fittings are cheaper to purchase and are preferred by professional plumbers. They are also easier to install and can be easily removed, cleaned, serviced, and reused. Plastic fittings are also not affected by acidic water, which can cause brass fittings to burst. Plastic fittings are also better suited for outdoor use as they are not affected by UV light, unlike brass fittings, which can be weakened by freezing temperatures.
The choice between brass and plastic PEX fittings depends on various factors such as cost, quality, and ease of installation, as well as specific requirements such as flow rate and mechanical stress. It is important to research and consider these factors before making a decision to avoid costly repairs and unnecessary warranty work.
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Copper crimp rings vs stainless steel cinch rings
When it comes to securing PEX pipes, there are two main types of fittings available: copper crimp rings and stainless steel cinch rings. Both have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice between the two depends on factors such as cost, ease of installation, durability, and aesthetics.
Cost
Copper crimp rings are generally cheaper than stainless steel cinch rings. This makes them a more cost-effective option, especially for larger installations or projects on a tight budget.
Installation
Copper crimp rings require a special tool for installation and removal, which can add to the overall cost and complexity of the project. Stainless steel cinch rings, on the other hand, often feature a clip that allows for easier removal without the need for specialized tools. Additionally, stainless steel cinch rings can be used with a variety of pipe sizes, providing more flexibility during installation.
Durability
Stainless steel cinch rings are stronger and more corrosion-resistant than copper crimp rings. They are less likely to fail or leak, even under extreme temperature variations and high-pressure conditions. Stainless steel cinch rings are also less susceptible to expansion and leakage when the fitted connection freezes, as copper crimp rings can be.
Aesthetics
Some people prefer the look of copper crimp rings, especially in visible areas. Copper has a warm, classic appearance that can enhance the overall aesthetics of a space. Stainless steel cinch rings, while functional, may not be as visually appealing to some.
In summary, both copper crimp rings and stainless steel cinch rings have their advantages and applications. For cost-effectiveness and aesthetics, copper crimp rings are a good choice. Meanwhile, stainless steel cinch rings excel in durability, corrosion resistance, and ease of installation, making them ideal for hidden or hard-to-reach areas. Ultimately, the decision between the two comes down to the specific requirements and constraints of the project.
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Installation tools and methods
The standard method for connecting PEX pipe to PEX crimp fittings involves using a crimp ring and a PEX crimping tool. The crimp ring is inserted over the pipe, the fitting is inserted inside the pipe, and the ring is crimped over the pipe and fitting using the PEX crimping tool. This technique is considered a fast and inexpensive way of connecting PEX and has been used for a long time. Alternatively, a stainless pinch clamp can be used to install PEX fittings, but this requires a different tool than crimp rings.
When using crimp rings and crimp fittings, the process begins by cutting the PEX tubing square. The crimp ring is then slipped onto the tubing, followed by the insertion of the fitting, ensuring it is fully seated. Before crimping the ring, it should be positioned about 1/8 inch to 1/4 inch from the end of the tubing, aiming to have the ring over the fitting's central ribs. If using a manual tool, ensure it is square to the tubing and fully squeeze the handles. Power tools must also be held square, and the tool should cycle fully before release. Check the connection using a go/no-go gauge to ensure it hasn't been over-crimped or under-crimped.
The expansion PEX fittings installation process starts by sliding the PEX-reinforcing ring over the pipe's end. Most rings should have a stop at the end, but if they don't, a small space must be left at the end of the ring. Using an expansion tool, the pipe is expanded according to the manufacturer's instructions until it can receive an F1960 fitting. The fitting is then inserted into the pipe until the shoulders of the expansion ring and fitting touch. This installation process is visual and doesn't require tool calibration or gauges. The fittings' inside diameter is similar to the pipe, reducing restriction and allowing for smaller pipe sizes.
Some PEX fittings are made of polyalloy, a durable plastic. These fittings can use either copper crimp rings or stainless steel cinch/pinch clamps. In the USA, polyalloy fittings must conform to specific standards, allowing for the use of both types of attachment rings. However, some manufacturers specify the use of copper crimp rings for polyalloy fittings.
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Frequently asked questions
Plastic PEX fittings are moulded from Polysulfone (PLS or PPSU) and are very common in both Crimp and Cold-Expansion types. They offer advantages over brass in certain corrosive water conditions.
You will need a PEX crimping tool and a crimp ring. The crimp ring is inserted over the pipe, the fitting is inserted inside the pipe, and the ring is crimped over the pipe and fitting using the PEX crimping tool.
Begin by cutting the PEX tubing square. Then slip the crimp ring onto the tubing, and insert the fitting, ensuring it is fully seated. Before crimping the ring, position it about 1/8 in. to 1/4 in. from the end of the tubing, aiming to have the ring over the fitting’s central ribs.
Plastic PEX fittings are cheaper to purchase than brass or stainless steel. They are also advantageous in certain corrosive water conditions. However, they have a smaller ID than other materials, increasing flow restriction and negatively impacting flow rate. They can also be difficult to cleanly cut and separate from the fitting.
