Sofia Martinez
Curing screen printing ink is a crucial step in the screen-printing process. Plastisol ink, which is essentially liquid plastic, cures at about 320°F and typically takes a minute or so. To cure plastisol ink with a flash dryer, you need to ensure that the flash unit is up to temperature, which usually takes about 10-15 minutes. The flash unit should sit about 2-3 inches above the platen, and the closer the flash is to the ink, the faster it will cure. However, it is important to be careful, as too much heat can scorch the garment. Curing plastisol ink is a simple process, but it is important to follow the correct steps to ensure the print is durable and permanent.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Curing temperature | Plastisol ink: 115–160 °C (265–320 °F) or 180 °C (350 °F) or 356 °F; Water-based ink: 160 °C (320 °F) |
| Curing time | Plastisol ink: 1 minute or 30-40 seconds; Water-based ink: 1-2 minutes |
| Curing methods | Flash dryers, conveyor dryers, heat guns, heat presses, ovens, sunlight, microwave dryers |
| Curing environment | Warm (70-80 degrees), well-ventilated, limited air movement |
| Curing checks | Stretch test, laser temperature gun |
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What You'll Learn
Using a flash dryer
Curing plastisol ink with a flash dryer is a popular method, especially in small shops. It is a simple process, making it a great option for beginners. However, achieving consistent results can require some practice and skill in perfecting the technique.
Firstly, it is important to understand how plastisol ink works and why it needs to be cured. Plastisol ink is essentially liquid plastic, and it must be hardened by heat to stay on a shirt; otherwise, it will drip all over the fabric. Before curing, the ink sits on the screen and is then applied to the garment using a squeegee to pass ink through the mesh.
To cure plastisol ink with a flash dryer, the first step is to print the shirt and remove it from the platen. Then, place the shirt on top of the platen and move the platen over the shirt. The platen should be warm to help the heat reach the bottom of the ink layer. The flash dryer should be positioned about 2-3 inches above the platen and garment. The closer the flash dryer is to the ink, the faster it will cure, but be careful not to scorch the garment. Test to find the best height for your setup.
The next step is to check the temperature of the room and adjust the flash dryer's temperature accordingly. If the room is cold, the curing process will take longer. Once the flash dryer is at the correct temperature, swing it under or over the shirt, depending on your setup. The flash dryer will heat the ink from the top, and the platen will heat it from the bottom.
The curing time for plastisol ink varies depending on the manufacturer's requirements. Typically, plastisol ink must cure for at least one minute. Low-temperature cure inks cure at 270° Fahrenheit, while standard plastisol inks cure at 320° Fahrenheit. Because the flash dryer does not touch the garment directly, the temperature should be slightly higher than the recommended curing temperature. For example, if the ink cures at 270° Fahrenheit, set the flash dryer to 290° Fahrenheit.
To ensure the ink reaches the correct temperature, use a tool to measure it. A laser temperature gun is an easy and effective option, providing a reflective reading. A donut probe will give a more stable reading throughout the job but is more expensive.
Once the ink has reached the cure temperature, allow it to cool down before performing a stretch test to check the curing process. Gently stretch the cooled ink, being careful not to pull too hard and cause the ink layer to split. If the ink cracks during the test, it may not be cured, or you may have stretched it too far.
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Curing with a heat gun
Curing plastisol ink with a heat gun can be a cost-effective method, especially for those starting out with screen printing or creating a low volume of prints. Typically, a heat gun costs no more than $50, making it an affordable option. However, it is essential to note that curing with a heat gun requires practice and precision to ensure effective results.
When using a heat gun, it is crucial to maintain a safe distance from the print to avoid scorching or burning the ink and substrate. This method requires manual attention, as the heat gun must be moved over the print to evenly distribute heat. It is also important to keep the heat gun in constant motion to prevent overheating any specific area. While this process can be time-consuming and energy-inefficient, it offers the advantage of portability and compactness.
One of the challenges with heat guns is the difficulty in accurately measuring the heat applied to the ink. If the heat is too low, the ink won't cure properly, and if it's too high, the ink may boil, which is particularly dangerous with plastisol ink. Plastisol ink, being liquid plastic, can fuse together and form a viscous gel when heated to around 180°C (356°F). Therefore, it is crucial to monitor the temperature closely to avoid any issues.
To ensure the ink cures properly, it is recommended to keep a laser temperature gun handy to check the temperature of the ink during the curing process. This tool helps verify that the ink is curing at the right temperature, providing an extra layer of assurance. Additionally, conducting a stretch test can help determine if the ink is fully cured. By stretching the printed fabric, you can observe whether the print cracks or fails to retract, indicating under-curing.
Overall, curing plastisol ink with a heat gun requires careful attention to temperature and technique. While it may be a budget-friendly option, it demands practice and precision to achieve consistent and successful results.
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Curing with an oven
Curing plastisol ink with an oven is a straightforward process, but it requires careful attention to ensure the best results. Here is a detailed guide to help you cure plastisol ink with an oven:
Preparation:
Before you begin, it is essential to understand that the curing process involves heating the plastisol ink to a specific temperature range, typically between 115-160 °C (265-320 °F) or 180 °C (350-356 °F). This temperature range is crucial for fusing the PVC resin particles in the ink. Therefore, ensure your oven can reach and maintain these temperatures. Additionally, good air circulation in the oven is critical for effective curing.
Curing Process:
- Prepare the garment or substrate: Place the garment or substrate onto a suitable surface or rack within the oven. Ensure the item is flat and secure, allowing for even heat distribution.
- Preheat the oven: Set the oven temperature to the recommended curing temperature for your specific plastisol ink. Refer to the manufacturer's instructions or the ink packaging for precise temperature requirements. Allow the oven to preheat to the desired temperature.
- Monitor the temperature: Use a temperature gun or a similar device to monitor the temperature of the ink during the curing process. This step ensures that the ink reaches the necessary curing temperature.
- Cure time: Once the oven has reached the desired temperature, place the item inside and start timing. The typical cure time for plastisol ink is around one minute, but always refer to the manufacturer's instructions for the recommended duration.
- Ventilation: Ensure adequate ventilation during the curing process, as plastisol inks can release fumes that can be irritating to the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. Do not cure in an enclosed space without proper ventilation.
- Cooling: After the specified cure time has elapsed, remove the item from the oven and allow it to cool. It is crucial to follow the recommended cooling procedure provided by the manufacturer.
Post-Curing Verification:
Once the item has cooled, you can perform a stretch test to verify the quality of the curing. Gently stretch the printed area of the fabric. If the print cracks or does not retract, it indicates under-curing. A properly cured print should be flexible and durable, withstanding multiple wash cycles without fading, peeling, or flaking.
Remember, curing plastisol ink with an oven requires careful adherence to temperature and timing recommendations. Always refer to the manufacturer's instructions and take the necessary safety precautions to ensure a successful and safe curing process.
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Curing with a conveyor dryer
Conveyor dryers offer increased output, faster production, and consistent cures. They are suitable for curing various ink types, including Plastisol and water-based inks, and allow for adjustments based on ink deposit thickness. The curing process involves heating the ink to a specific temperature, causing it to adhere to the garment's fibres and creating a chemical reaction that binds the fibres to the ink. This results in a durable and permanent print that can withstand multiple wash cycles without fading or deterioration.
When choosing a conveyor dryer, consider factors such as your space requirements, budget, and production needs. Different models offer various features, such as temperature control and belt speed adjustment. For example, the RileyCure 245 and 248 models have longer tunnels and larger heating elements, making them versatile options for curing garments. Additionally, the RileyCure Forced Air Conveyor is recommended for water-based and discharge inks, as it has two separate zones for temperature control.
It is important to note that the curing temperature and time may vary depending on the ink manufacturer. Therefore, it is essential to refer to the instructions provided by the ink manufacturer to ensure proper curing. Additionally, maintaining adequate ventilation during the curing process is crucial for safety.
Compared to other methods like flash dryers or heat presses, conveyor dryers offer faster curing times and produce brighter and more vibrant colours. They are an excellent choice for those seeking high-quality results, increased production efficiency, and consistent cures.
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Curing with sunlight or a microwave
Curing plastisol ink with sunlight or a microwave is a simple process but requires precision and patience. Here's a step-by-step guide:
Curing Plastisol Ink with Sunlight:
Sunlight can be an effective way to cure plastisol ink, especially for small-scale projects or when printing at home. Here's what you need to do:
- Prepare your work area: Ensure your work area is well-ventilated and protected from any potential spills. Cover your work surface with a disposable cloth or plastic sheet.
- Ink Application: Apply the plastisol ink to your desired surface, such as a T-shirt or another fabric item. Make sure the ink is applied evenly and smoothly.
- Sunlight Exposure: Place the inked item directly in sunlight. Ensure the area receives abundant natural sunlight for consistent curing.
- Duration: Leave the item in direct sunlight for an extended period. The curing time will depend on the intensity of the sunlight and the thickness of the ink application. It may take several hours or even a full day for the ink to cure completely.
- Testing: After exposing the ink to sunlight for an appropriate amount of time, test to see if it has cured. Gently touch the ink to see if it feels dry and solid. You can also try stretching the fabric to ensure the ink doesn't crack or peel.
- Repeat if Necessary: If the ink doesn't seem fully cured, repeat the sunlight exposure process until it is completely dry and adhered to the fabric.
Curing Plastisol Ink with a Microwave:
Using a microwave to cure plastisol ink is less common but can be done with care and attention to detail. Here's a step-by-step guide:
- Microwave Preparation: Ensure your microwave is clean and free of any food residue. Adjust the settings to a medium power level and a temperature between 160-180 degrees Celsius (320-356 degrees Fahrenheit), referring to the manufacturer's instructions for guidance.
- Ink Application: Apply the plastisol ink to your desired fabric surface, ensuring an even and smooth application.
- Microwave-Safe Container: Place the inked item inside a microwave-safe container, such as a glass or ceramic bowl. The container should be large enough to hold the item comfortably without touching the sides.
- Covering: Loosely cover the container with microwave-safe plastic wrap or a paper towel to prevent any potential splatters. Do not seal the container, as airflow is necessary for curing.
- Microwave in Intervals: Place the container in the microwave and heat in short intervals of 30 seconds to one minute. Check the ink's progress between intervals to avoid overheating.
- Testing: Remove the container from the microwave and carefully touch the ink to see if it feels dry and solid. If not, return it to the microwave for additional short intervals until fully cured.
- Ventilation: Always ensure proper ventilation when using a microwave for curing, as the process can generate fumes.
Remember, curing plastisol ink with sunlight or a microwave may take some experimentation to get the desired results. Factors such as environmental temperature, fabric type, and ink thickness will influence the curing process. Always follow safety precautions and refer to the manufacturer's instructions for specific guidelines.
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Frequently asked questions
Plastisol ink cures at about 320 degrees Fahrenheit and takes about a minute. It is recommended to cure for at least one minute at the manufacturer's recommended time and temperature.
Plastisol ink can be cured with a flash dryer, a heat gun, or any oven.
Plastisol ink cures at around 180 degrees Celsius or 350 Fahrenheit.
You can perform a stretch test by stretching the fabric a little bit. If the ink cracks during this test, it may not be cured, or you stretched it too far.
