Ethan Clarke
Locating buried plastic well pipes can be a challenging task. Whether it's for water leak detection, underground utilities, or replacing a pipe due to water pressure loss, there are various methods and tools available for the job. Some common approaches include using a plastic pipe detector, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), acoustic methods, dowsing rods, or metal detectors. Each method has its advantages and limitations, and factors such as ground material and the presence of metal in the pipe system can influence the effectiveness of certain techniques. Proper planning and understanding the different options can help avoid costly and dangerous utility strikes during any digging project.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Technology | Ground-penetrating radar (GPR), AML PVC Pipe Detector, acoustic methods, dowsing rod method, metal detectors, tracer wires, probing, utility mapping professionals |
| Functionality | GPR produces 2D cross-section images that can be converted to 3D; AML functions in wet soil, snow, clay or standing water; acoustic methods involve creating sounds on pipes that can be heard above ground; dowsing rods detect underground objects by crossing over each other; metal detectors work by detecting disturbances in the soil that change the magnetic field; tracer wires are attached to existing lines and walked along; probing involves repeatedly pushing metal rods into the ground to feel for pipes; utility mapping professionals use GPR and electromagnetic conductivity (EM) devices |
| Advantages | AML has advantages over GPR in terms of functionality in different surfaces; acoustic methods can be effective for sewer or water main detection; tracer wires are the most common way to find plastic pipes; utility mapping professionals provide accurate mapping |
| Disadvantages | GPR does not work on all surfaces and is expensive; dowsing rod method is questioned for accuracy; metal detectors are generally easier to operate and more available than acoustic PVC detectors; tracer wires require the PVC system to have been fitted with a wire during installation; probing is labour-intensive and only appropriate for systems that can be fully shut down; utility mapping professionals may be costly |
| Use cases | Maintenance work, repairs, water leak detection, replacement of underground pipes, locating utility lines, mapping drainage pipes |
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What You'll Learn
Using a plastic pipe detector
One of the most advanced plastic pipe detectors is the AML PVC Pipe Detector by SSI Locators. It uses ultra-high radio frequencies to locate underground PVC pipes and can function in wet soil, snow, clay, or standing water. The AML PVC Pipe Detector is a hand-held device that can locate almost any material, including concrete, fibre optics, plastic, metal, and cable.
Another method for locating plastic pipes is to use ground-penetrating radar (GPR). GPR produces two-dimensional cross-section images of subsurface items, which can be converted into 3D images using post-processing software. However, GPR has some limitations, such as not working well in soil with high clay content or rough terrain, and being relatively expensive.
To increase the chances of successfully locating an underground PVC pipe, it is recommended to use the best equipment available, which may include acoustic PVC detectors with features like different microphones, ground probes, and filters for eliminating background noise.
Additionally, it is important to have as much information as possible about the potential location of the PVC pipe before beginning the detection process. This can involve using tracer wires, which are attached to existing lines like sewer or water lines, to help identify the pipe's path.
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Employing ground-penetrating radar (GPR)
Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a proven, cost-effective solution for locating buried plastic well pipes. GPR is a non-destructive detection and imaging method that can identify subsurface elements, such as pipes, either underground or within surfaces like concrete. It can detect both metallic and non-metallic objects, making it suitable for finding plastic pipes, which are non-metallic.
GPR works by transmitting electromagnetic radio waves from an antenna attached to a rolling cart. When a wave hits an object, it bounces back to the antenna, creating a reading that helps determine the approximate location of the object. This reading is viewable in real time and can be shared with others involved in the project. With the right system and scanning strategies, GPR can provide accurate 3D data of the subsurface material.
GPR is particularly useful for locating pipes because it can detect pipes of all sizes and made from a variety of materials, including PVC and plastic. It can also locate pipes regardless of whether they are full of water or another material. However, it is important to note that GPR's ability to detect non-metallic pipes depends on factors such as pipe depth, diameter, and soil conditions. For example, detection may be challenging if the pipe is shallow or has a small diameter.
To ensure accurate results when using GPR to locate buried plastic well pipes, it is essential to select the appropriate equipment and frequency for the specific application. Additionally, proper operation of the equipment and correct interpretation of the results are crucial. GPR scans can be confusing in congested areas, and erroneous interpretations are possible. Therefore, it is recommended to physically correlate the subsurface indications in one or two areas before relying heavily on the results.
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Acoustic methods
One acoustic method involves using a device that places noise either into the water or against the pipe wall. One such device uses a battery-powered tool with adjustable frequency to bounce a tapping sound against the exterior of buried objects. This method is sensitive to ambient noise and can be affected by noise from traffic, for example. Another version of this method involves placing a pressure wave with a pulsing sound into the underground water via a fire hydrant or water meter. This method is more labour-intensive as it requires removing the hydrant cap, placing the leak detection device, and then pressurising the hydrant.
Another acoustic method for sewer or water main detection involves banging on a fire hydrant or water meter with a hammer, creating a sound on the surrounding metal pipes that can be heard above ground using a leak detector or other monitoring devices. While this method is cheaper, it is less precise and accurate than other methods.
The acoustic transmission method has been applied in underground utility detection and has proven to be an effective approach for locating both metallic and non-metallic buried utilities. Vibro-acoustic methods have been developed recently and have shown promising results in locating buried pipelines, especially plastic pipes.
In addition to these methods, there are acoustic PVC detectors, such as the RD-500, which allow for the precise location and tracing of PVC and non-metallic pipes underground. This type of detector sends a series of electronic and/or mechanical pulses down the length of the PVC pipe, which is then picked up by a sensitive ground probe.
While acoustic methods are effective in locating plastic pipes, it is important to note that metal detectors are generally easier to operate and more commonly available. Attaching metal tape or a tracer wire to the PVC pipe can make future location easier as the tracer wire emits an electric signal that gets stronger when you get closer to it.
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Tracer wires
For power lines or metal pipes, the utility itself is conductive, and a signal can be sent through it. However, plastic pipes are non-conductive, so a tracer wire is required. The tracer wire is attached to the pipe at the top or centre line, and a signal is sent through it, which can then be detected above ground. This method is more accurate than detectable tape, which is often buried above the pipe as a warning to diggers.
There are a few different types of tracer wires available. A standard RF pipe and cable locator can be attached and send a signal down the line. Alternatively, a fiberglass probe with a copper wire core can be inserted into the pipe, and a signal can be sent through it. This method can be used even if the pipe is under pressure.
It is important to note that not all plastic pipes have tracer wires. Older pipes may not have tracer wires, or they may be deteriorated and no longer functional. In these cases, other methods such as acoustic locating or ground-penetrating radar (GPR) may be used to locate the pipes.
Overall, tracer wires are a useful tool for locating buried plastic well pipes, but they are not always present or functional. It is important to take the necessary precautions to locate utilities before beginning any excavation work to avoid costly and dangerous strikes.
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Dowsing rods
The use of dowsing rods for finding buried objects is a controversial topic. Some people swear by its effectiveness, claiming that it has helped them locate water sources, gas lines, septic systems, and buried pipes. However, others are sceptical and attribute any success to coincidence, confirmation bias, or subconscious movements by the user. Controlled experiments have often failed to replicate the purported results of dowsing rods.
Despite the scepticism, many people continue to use dowsing rods as a low-cost and accessible method for locating buried objects. Some users report that the technique works better when there is running water in the pipes, and it may be more effective for finding high-current lines or metallic objects.
To make your own dowsing rods, you can use brazing rods, welding rods, or copper wire. Bend the material at a 90-degree angle about 5-6 inches from one end to create the "L" or "Y" shape. Hold the rods with the short end in your palm and pointing upwards, and the long end pointing forward and parallel to the ground. Start walking slowly across the area where you suspect the buried pipe may be located, and pay attention to any movements or crossings of the rods.
While dowsing rods may not provide guaranteed results, they can be a starting point for locating buried plastic well pipes. However, if accuracy is crucial, it may be advisable to supplement this technique with other methods or seek professional help.
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Frequently asked questions
There are several methods to find a buried plastic well pipe. You can use a hand-held pipe locator, which works by sweeping the device over the ground and interpreting the indicators. You can also use a metal detector, tracer wire, or a dowsing rod. Another method is to create a map of your property by marking off property boundaries and using building plans to locate the pipes.
GPR produces a two-dimensional cross-section image of subsurface items, including pipes. These images can be converted into 3D images using post-processing software. GPR accurately maps metal and PVC pipes and is suitable for most surfaces.
The dowsing rod method involves holding L-shaped metal rods in each hand and walking over the ground. When the rods detect an underground object, they cross over each other, marking an "X" over the object. This method has been questioned for its accuracy, but some people find success with it.
Tracer wires are attached to existing lines, such as sewer or water lines. You then walk along your property with the tracer wire to locate the buried plastic well pipe.
Locating buried plastic well pipes can be challenging because they are not visible, and there is little to no metal in the pipe system, making metal detectors ineffective. Additionally, plumbing problems can be difficult to identify, and accidental damage to pipes can occur during digging projects.
