Chloe Zhang
Flocking is the process of depositing tiny fibres onto a surface to create a smooth, matte, suede-like texture. It is a printing method that involves the transfer of synthetic fibres to packaging through an electrostatic force, to obtain a pleasant velvet effect. Flocking can be done on various materials, including glass, plastic, and metal, and is used to decorate a range of products from perfume packaging to car interiors. The process involves applying an adhesive to the surface and then adding the flocking fibres, which can be made from natural or synthetic materials such as cotton, rayon, nylon, or polyester. The fibres adhere to the adhesive, creating a soft, textured surface.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Definition | Flocking is the process of depositing tiny fibres on a surface to create a smooth, matte, suede or velvet texture. |
| Materials | Synthetic fibres, adhesive, cardboard box, plastic bag/container, flocking applicator, dust mask, paint, sandpaper |
| Process | An adhesive is applied to the surface of the model, which is then coated with fibres. |
| Tips | Use a mini strainer to distribute flocking powder evenly and avoid clumps. Use more fibres than you think you need. Seal porous surfaces before applying adhesive to prevent absorption. |
| Uses | Flocking is used for decoration, packaging, and automotive parts. |
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What You'll Learn
Prepare your workspace and materials
To prepare your workspace and materials for flocking a plastic model, you'll need to gather the necessary tools and materials and set up your workspace to ensure a smooth and mess-free process. Here's a step-by-step guide:
- Gather the Materials and Tools: First, you'll need to get your hands on the required materials and tools for flocking. The key components are flocking fibres, adhesive (such as spray adhesive or glue), and the plastic model you wish to flock. You may also want to have a mini strainer or a sifter to help distribute the flocking powder evenly. Additionally, consider having paint in a similar colour to your flocking fibres for a more polished look.
- Prepare the Workspace: Set up your workspace in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling any fumes from the adhesive. Cover your work surface with a large plastic bag, or use a plastic bowl or container, to create a designated spraying area. This will make clean-up easier and help contain any mess.
- Protect Yourself: Flocking can be a messy process, so it's important to take precautions to protect yourself. Wear a dust mask to avoid inhaling any airborne fibres. You may also want to wear gloves and protective clothing to keep the adhesive and fibres off your skin and clothes.
- Seal the Model's Surface (if necessary): Some materials, like plastic, may not require sealing. However, if the plastic model has a very slick finish, you can lightly sand it with sandpaper to create a rougher surface for better adhesion. This step ensures that the adhesive will bond properly without being absorbed into the model's surface.
- Prepare the Adhesive: Depending on the type of adhesive you're using, you may need to prepare it according to the manufacturer's instructions. For example, if using a spray adhesive, ensure it is well-shaken and ready to be sprayed.
- Prepare the Flocking Fibres: Fill your flocking applicator or container approximately halfway with flocking fibres. This allows for adequate air circulation within the applicator and ensures an even distribution of fibres.
By following these steps, you'll have everything ready for the flocking process. Remember to take your time, work in a well-ventilated area, and always prioritize your safety when working with adhesives and fibres.
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Seal the model's surface
Sealing the model's surface is an important step in the flocking process, as it prevents the absorption of the undercoat adhesive. If the adhesive is absorbed, the fibres will have nothing to adhere to, and the finish will be uneven. Even surfaces that appear solid can be porous and will absorb the adhesive. Therefore, it is recommended to seal the model's surface before applying the adhesive and fibres.
There are several ways to seal the surface of a plastic model. One option is to use a lacquer, shellac, sanding sealer, or polyurethane. These products can be applied to the model's surface to create a barrier that prevents the absorption of the adhesive. It is important to note that if the sealer leaves a slick finish, it should be roughened slightly with sandpaper to ensure the adhesive can grip the surface.
Another option for sealing a plastic model is to use a mixture of PVA glue and water. This can be mixed in equal parts and applied with a spray bottle, pipette, or brush. This method creates a strong bond and is suitable for those looking for a homemade sealant option.
Additionally, when sealing a plastic model, it is important to consider the type of adhesive you will be using. Spray adhesives, such as spray glue, dry quickly and can be substituted for white glue, hot glue, tape, and other adhesives. They are suitable for a variety of surfaces, including plastic, and form strong bonds. However, it is crucial to ensure that the adhesive you choose can bond with the sealing agent and the model's material.
Overall, sealing the model's surface is a crucial step in the flocking process to ensure a smooth and even finish. By using the appropriate sealing methods and considering the compatibility of adhesives, you can achieve a successful flocking application on your plastic model.
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Apply adhesive
When applying adhesive to a plastic model in preparation for flocking, there are several steps to follow. First, it is important to seal the surface of the model to prevent the absorption of the adhesive. This can be done using lacquer, shellac, sanding sealer, or polyurethane. Metal, glass, and most plastics do not require sealing but may need light sanding to rough up the surface.
Next, prepare your workspace by lining the inside of a cardboard box with a large plastic bag or using a plastic bowl or container as your spraying area. This will help contain the adhesive and make cleanup easier. Prepare your adhesive according to the instructions on the package, ensuring that it is suitable for use with plastic and that it will provide the desired characteristics of the final product, such as solvent resistance, washability, rigidity, or flexibility.
Now, apply a coat of adhesive to the model. You can use a brush, spray, or dip method, depending on the type of adhesive and your personal preference. If using a brush, work carefully towards the edges of the project, and wipe away any excess adhesive that may get on the edges. If using a spray adhesive, follow the instructions on the package for the proper application technique and safety precautions. The adhesive should be applied smoothly and evenly, without dripping.
Once the adhesive is applied, you will have a working time of around 10 to 15 minutes before it starts to cure and lose its tackiness. During this time, you can apply the flocking fibres to the adhesive-coated project, following the instructions for the specific flocking method you are using. Remember to wear a dust mask during the flocking process to avoid inhaling any fibres.
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Apply flocking fibres
Flocking fibres can be applied to a plastic model in several ways. The most common method is to use an adhesive to stick the fibres to the model. The adhesive can be applied using a paintbrush, roller, or spray gun. It is important to ensure that the adhesive is compatible with the flocking fibres and that it is applied evenly and thickly enough for the fibres to stick to. The adhesive should be wet when the fibres are applied, and it should be given enough time to dry.
Flocking fibres can be applied by spraying them using an air compressor, reservoir, and spray gun, similar to spraying paint. This method is best suited for large areas that require flocking. Alternatively, a Mini Flocker puff sprayer can be used to gently apply the fibres over the coated surface. Another option is to pour the fibres directly onto the surface.
The electrostatic method is another popular flocking technique, especially for those doing more than occasional flocking jobs. This method involves using high-voltage electricity to charge the fibres and drive them into the design. The fibres are first dyed and then chemically treated to enable them to accept an electrical charge.
A mechanical process called the beater bar or gravity flocking system can also be used. In this process, an adhesive is printed onto a substrate, and then the substrate is rapidly vibrated mechanically while the flock fibres are dispensed over the surface. The vibration promotes the density of fibres, which is critical to a good fibre coating.
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Allow to dry and cure
Allowing your project to dry and cure is a crucial step in the flocking process. The curing time will depend on the adhesive you use. For example, spray adhesives can dry quickly, forming strong bonds in very little time. However, it is important to note that the adhesive you choose will specify how long it remains tacky for. For instance, the adhesive used in one project remained sticky for 30 minutes before it began to cure, allowing for multiple coats to be applied.
During the curing process, it is essential to avoid touching or moving your project, as the surface is delicate and can be easily dented or blemished. If you have masked off any parts of your project, it is recommended to remove the tape before the flocking is fully cured, usually within 10 to 12 hours. Be careful not to touch the still-curing flocking. You can then sweep up any excess fibres and return them to the bag for future use.
After removing the tape, you may notice some adhesive seepage around the edges. This can be easily cleaned up with mineral spirits on a folded paper towel or rag if addressed within a day or two. Once the flocking has cured for a full day, you can use a soft brush to gently remove any loose fibres, especially in the corners and on wooden surfaces.
Finally, after 72 hours of curing, you can use compressed air or a vacuum to remove any remaining loose fibres and ensure your project is ready for use. Remember, flocking is typically the last step of a project, and it is important to allow the finish to cure completely before applying the flocking fibres.
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Frequently asked questions
Flocking is a process that involves depositing tiny fibres on a surface to create a smooth, matte, suede-like texture.
Flocking can be applied to a variety of materials, including glass, plastic, metal, paper, cardboard, fabric, and foam.
You will need flocking, a strainer, spray adhesive, and paint in a similar colour to the flocking. It is also recommended to wear a dust mask to avoid inhaling the fibres.
First, seal the surface of the model with a sealer such as lacquer or polyurethane to prevent the absorption of the adhesive. Then, apply a smooth, wet coat of adhesive to the model. Place the model in a lined cardboard box or container and fill a flocking applicator with flocking fibres. Hold the applicator at a 45-degree to 90-degree angle about 8 to 10 inches from the model and apply the fibres generously. Allow the model to dry for at least 10 hours before removing any excess fibres.
