Maya Ellison
Plastic plumbing pipes were introduced in the 1930s and gained popularity in the 1950s and 1960s. They are now commonly used for indoor plumbing. Plastic pipes are lightweight, easy to handle, and easy to install. They are also corrosion-resistant, non-reactive, and less likely to clog than metal pipes. The two most common types of plastic pipes are Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) and Cross-linked Polyethylene (PEX). PVC is the most familiar plumbing pipe material and is used in most houses in New Jersey. PEX is a durable plastic pipe that is used to supply hot and cold drinking water. It is flexible, low-cost, and easy to cut and join.
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What You'll Learn
Choosing the right plastic pipe
Plastic pipes are a common choice for indoor plumbing due to their ease of installation, flexibility, and low cost. When choosing the right plastic pipe, there are several factors to consider, including the specific application, local building codes, and the properties of different pipe materials. Here are some guidelines to help you select the most suitable plastic pipe for your indoor plumbing project:
Application and Function:
The intended application of the pipe is crucial in determining the appropriate type of plastic pipe. For example, pipes used for drinking water should meet safe material standards, while pipes for drainage must be able to handle wastewater effectively. Consider whether the pipe will be used for water supply, drainage, or sewage, and choose a material that suits that purpose.
Local Building Codes and Regulations:
Before selecting a plastic pipe, it is essential to review the local building codes and regulations. Certain materials may be mandated or restricted due to safety concerns. For instance, some locations may have specific requirements for primer usage with PVC pipes. Ensure that your chosen pipe material complies with all relevant regulations to avoid any legal issues.
Material Properties:
Different types of plastic pipes offer unique advantages and disadvantages. Here is an overview of some common plastic pipe materials:
- PEX (Cross-linked Polyethylene): PEX is a popular choice for plumbing due to its durability, flexibility, and low cost. It is often used for hot and cold water distribution, including drinking water. PEX pipes are easy to cut, join, and install, making them a favourite among plumbers. They are typically colour-coded, with red for hot water and blue for cold water.
- PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): PVC is a well-known plumbing pipe material used in many homes. It is lightweight, easy to work with, and effective for maintaining the temperature of the water it carries. However, PVC may become brittle when exposed to sunlight, so it may require protective coatings for outdoor use.
- ABS: ABS pipes are commonly used for indoor plumbing applications, particularly for drain, waste, and vent (DWV) systems. One advantage of ABS is that it does not require a primer before gluing, simplifying the installation process.
When choosing a plastic pipe material, consider factors such as corrosion resistance, heat conductivity, ease of installation, and flexibility. Additionally, weigh the pros and cons of each material, including cost, durability, and local plumbing practices.
Size and Fittings:
Consider the size of the pipe and the necessary fittings. Plastic pipes come in various diameters, and the right size depends on the specific application and the flow rate required. Ensure that the pipe you choose can accommodate the desired water volume and that you have access to the necessary fittings and connectors.
In summary, selecting the right plastic pipe for indoor plumbing involves considering the application, local regulations, material properties, size, and fittings. By carefully evaluating these factors, you can make an informed decision and choose the most suitable plastic pipe for your project, ensuring a reliable and efficient plumbing system.
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Bevel the pipe ends
Bevel ends are used for larger pipe sizes and are sometimes called 'weld end' or 'butt weld end' because they are cut with the intention of the ends being welded. A 'bevel' is any cut that is not perpendicular (90°) to the length orientation of the pipe. The standard bevel angle is 37.5°, although this can vary. Bevel ends are often applied by fabricators by hand or through automated processes to ensure consistency. This allows for a perfect match with BW pipe fittings and flanges, and easier welding.
When cutting a bevel end, it is important to consider the type of pipe and the intended function of the piping system. For example, threaded end pipes, which are created by cutting a thread into the pipe wall, are only suitable for lower-pressure and lower-temperature systems as the integrity of the joint is not high. Physical distortion of the pipe, such as bending or flexing, is likely to damage the integrity of the joint and cause leakage. Therefore, threaded end pipes are not suitable for use with poisonous or flammable fluids.
Plain end pipes, on the other hand, are typically used for small pipe sizes (generally less than 2 inches or 5 cm). They are made by cutting the pipe at a 90-degree angle perpendicular to its length axis. Plain end pipes are often used in combination with slip-on flanges and socket weld fittings. Fillet welding is required on one or both sides of the fitting or flange and at the base of the fitting or flange. The plain end is usually placed about ⅛” from where the pipe rests to allow for thermal expansion during welding.
The type of pipe end chosen will determine how it connects to other components and which applications and components the pipe is best suited for. For example, grooved end pipes use a formed or machined groove at the end of the pipe to seat a gasket. A housing around the gasket is then tightened to secure the connection and ensure an optimal seal and performance. This design allows for easier disassembly with a reduced risk of damaging pipe components.
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Prime and glue joints
When gluing PVC pipes, priming and cementing the joints are crucial steps to ensure a fast, leak-free seal. Here's a detailed guide on how to prime and glue joints for indoor plastic plumbing pipes:
Preparation
Before priming and gluing, it's essential to prepare the pipes properly. First, cut the pipes to the required length. The process of cutting PVC can leave small plastic burrs, which must be removed to create a clean joint. Use a utility knife or coarse-grit sandpaper to eliminate these burrs, ensuring a smooth surface for gluing.
Next, perform a dry fit by pushing the pipe into the fitting to check for alignment and proper resistance. Once you're satisfied with the fit, make alignment marks on the pipe and fitting to ensure quick and accurate alignment when applying the glue.
Priming
PVC primer prepares the surfaces of the pipe and fitting for bonding. It's important to choose a primer specifically designed for the type and size of PVC you're using. Using a respirator mask and working in a well-ventilated area or outdoors is recommended due to the highly flammable nature of primers and cements.
To prime the joint, wipe the inside of the fitting and the outside of the pipe with the chosen PVC primer. Allow the primer to dry for about 10 seconds.
Gluing
After priming, it's time to apply the glue, also known as solvent cement. Spread an even layer of solvent cement on both the inside of the fitting and the outside of the pipe. Ensure you coat all mating surfaces thoroughly to avoid gaps that could lead to leaks.
Once the glue is applied, align the fitting and pipe about a quarter turn from their final orientation. Then, push the pipe into the fitting and twist it a quarter turn to match the alignment marks. This insert-and-twist method helps spread the cement evenly, creating a strong bond.
Finally, hold the pipe firmly in place for at least 20-30 seconds to allow the glue to set and prevent any potential gaps that could cause leaks.
By carefully following these steps, you can create strong and leak-proof joints for your indoor plastic plumbing pipes.
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Plastic vs metal pipes
When it comes to indoor plumbing, there are several options to choose from, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. The two main types of pipes used for indoor plumbing are metal and plastic. Metal pipes are the more traditional option, while plastic pipes are becoming increasingly popular due to their ease of installation and lower cost.
Metal pipes, such as those made from steel, copper, or cast iron, are known for their durability and ability to withstand extreme temperatures and pressure. They are a good choice for hot water lines and can last for more than 50 years with proper maintenance. However, metal pipes are generally harder to install and are more susceptible to rust and corrosion, especially when carrying water. To prevent corrosion and rust, metal pipes require insulation and protective coating, which adds to the overall material cost.
Plastic pipes, on the other hand, are made from materials such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC), or cross-linked polyethylene (PEX). They are lightweight, easy to install, and have several joining methods available. Plastic pipes are also corrosion-resistant, non-reactive, and have low heat conductivity, making them ideal for maintaining the temperature of the material inside. Additionally, plastic pipes are less expensive than metal pipes and are safer to work with since they do not require brazing or welding. However, plastic pipes are not as heat-resistant as metal pipes and may need to be replaced more frequently. It is important to note that plastic pipes cannot be used for drinking water lines unless they are made from specific materials, such as CPVC or PEX.
When choosing between metal and plastic pipes for indoor plumbing, it is important to consider the specific application, durability, cost, and ease of installation. Both types of pipes have their advantages and disadvantages, and the best choice depends on the individual's needs and preferences.
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Installation tips
Plastic plumbing pipes are easier to install than metal pipes and are also more affordable. They are lightweight, easy to handle, and can be woven throughout walls, ceilings, basements, and crawl spaces. They are also corrosion-resistant and non-reactive, so they won't corrode easily due to exposure to water and common household chemicals, and they can be connected with each other or with metal pipes without causing damaging chemical reactions.
There are different types of plastic pipes available, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). PEX pipes are known for their flexibility, low cost, ease of fitting, and ability to maintain water pressure. They are commonly used for hot and cold water distribution within the house and are often colour-coded, with red for hot water and blue for cold. PVC pipes are commonly used for condensate drains for air conditioners, boilers, and other appliances as they do not require insulation. ABS pipes are used for both indoor and outdoor plumbing but are restricted to drain, waste, and vent applications when used indoors.
- Bevel the ends of the pipe inside and out to eliminate sharp edges that could cause clogs. Beveling the outside is especially important to streamline assembly and ensure leak-free joints.
- Prime the pipes with a coloured primer to indicate that it has been used by inspectors. Although this is no longer a code requirement for pipes less than 6 inches in diameter, it is still recommended.
- When gluing the pipes, coat the joining surfaces with a solvent that temporarily softens the plastic while the connection is being made. This will create a permanent bond once the solvent evaporates.
- Ensure that you choose the right pipe for the function it needs to perform and the layout of the space you are working with. For example, flexible pipes are commonly used for final piping connections to appliances but are not suitable for use inside walls or floors.
- Account for the thermal expansion and contraction of the pipes depending on the temperature of the surrounding air and the fluid inside them.
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Frequently asked questions
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX), and Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) are the most common types of plastic pipes used for indoor plumbing.
Plastic pipes are corrosion-resistant, have low heat conductivity, are non-reactive, easier to install, and have fewer blockages than metal pipes. They are also more flexible and cost-effective.
Beveling the ends of the pipe inside and out is important to prevent clogs and ensure leak-free joints. Plastic pipes should also be primed and glued for strong connections.
PEX pipes are commonly used for drinking water and are known for their flexibility, low cost, ease of fitting, and ability to maintain water pressure. They are also colour-coded, with red typically used for hot water and blue for cold.
