Sofia Martinez
Installing new plastic water lines is a complex process that requires careful planning and execution. While some ambitious homeowners may choose to take on this project as a DIY endeavour, it is generally recommended to leave this job to professional plumbers who have the necessary experience, tools, and expertise to avoid mistakes. Before installing new plastic water lines, it is crucial to assess the condition of your existing pipes, understand the types of pipes and fittings suitable for your needs, and ensure compliance with local building codes and regulations. Proper sizing and installation techniques are essential to prevent leaks and ensure the long-term durability of your water lines.
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What You'll Learn
Choosing the right pipe material
Function and Space Layout
The pipe's intended function and the layout of the space you're working with are important considerations. Different pipe materials are better suited for specific applications, such as water supply, drainage, or sewer lines. For example, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) is commonly used for main supply lines, drainage pipes, pools, and irrigation piping, while PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) is often used for hot and cold water supply lines due to its flexibility and durability.
Chemical Compatibility
Consider the chemical compatibility of the pipe material with the substances it will come into contact with. For example, PEX is highly resistant to chemicals found in plumbing environments, while polybutylene reacts with low levels of chlorine in drinking water, leading to degradation. Ensure the material is compatible to prevent corrosion, degradation, or leaching.
Temperature Rating
The temperature of the water passing through the pipeline is a critical factor. Some materials, like PVC, soften at high temperatures, while others, like PEX, can withstand temperatures ranging from below freezing up to 180 degrees Fahrenheit, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.
Pressure Rating
The pipe material's ability to withstand water pressure is essential, especially for main water supply lines. PVC and CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) are known for their ability to handle high water pressure, making them suitable for this application.
Durability and Maintenance
Consider the durability and maintenance requirements of the pipe material. Copper pipes, for instance, are valued for their durability and ease of cutting and soldering. However, they are more expensive than plastic pipe options. Cast iron pipes are also durable but heavy and difficult to cut. On the other hand, plastic pipes like PEX are flexible, durable, and typically more affordable.
Local Codes and Regulations
It is important to consult local codes and regulations before selecting a pipe material. Certain materials may be prohibited or required in specific regions. Additionally, if you're working with a licensed plumber, they can guide you through choosing a material that complies with local standards.
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Sizing the pipe correctly
Firstly, determine the required water flow rate for your plumbing system. This will depend on the number of fixtures and appliances in your home that use water simultaneously. As a rule of thumb, a 1/2-inch pipe is sufficient for most homes with a standard number of fixtures. However, if you have a large home with multiple bathrooms and water-consuming appliances, you may need a larger pipe, such as a 3/4-inch or even 1-inch pipe, to accommodate higher water demand.
Secondly, consider the water pressure in your area. If you have high water pressure, thicker pipes are necessary to withstand the pressure without bursting. On the other hand, if you have low water pressure, thinner pipes may be adequate, but ensure they are still compatible with your water heater and other fixtures. You can measure your water pressure with a pressure gauge attached to an outdoor spigot.
Next, be mindful of the pipe material. Plastic pipes, such as PEX or PVC, are common choices for water lines. PEX pipes are flexible, easy to install, and can be joined with copper piping. They are ideal for DIY projects. PVC pipes are lightweight and inexpensive but more fragile. They require gluing at the joints, making them prone to leaking. Copper pipes are durable but require soldering, which is a more technical process.
When sizing the pipe, it's important to follow local plumbing codes and regulations. These codes will specify the minimum and maximum pipe diameters allowed for different applications. Ensure you are compliant with these regulations to avoid any legal or safety issues.
Finally, don't forget to consider the fittings and connections. Different pipe materials require specific fittings. For example, copper pipes may require soldering, while PEX pipes can use push-on or clamp fittings. Ensure you have the right fittings and connections for your chosen pipe material to prevent leaks and ensure a secure installation.
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Using the right tools
While installing new plastic water lines, it is important to use the right tools to ensure a successful installation and to avoid any problems. The tools you will need depend on the type of pipe you are using and the specifics of the installation. Here are some general tools that are commonly used when installing new plastic water lines:
- Pipe cutter: A pipe cutter is essential for cutting the pipes to the correct length. Choose a pipe cutter that is suitable for the type of pipe you are using, as different pipes may require different cutters.
- Gloves: Wearing gloves is important for your safety and protection when working with pipes and fittings.
- Shovel: If you are installing underground water lines, a shovel is necessary for excavation.
- Cable avoidance tool: Before beginning any excavation works, use a cable avoidance tool to scan the work area for the presence of any underground cables or utilities.
- Hacksaw: In some cases, you may need to cut through existing pipes. A hacksaw can be used for this purpose.
- Pipe wrench: A pipe wrench is useful for loosening or tightening bolts and fittings. It can also be used to remove any burrs on cut pipe ends.
- Basin wrench: This specialised tool is handy for removing and installing water lines from faucets. It has spring-loaded jaws that swivel, allowing you to easily loosen or tighten faucet nuts.
- Deburring tool or metal file: When cutting pipes, the ends may need to be deburred to create a smooth surface for connections. A deburring tool or metal file can be used for this purpose.
- Vacuum or duster: To maintain your water lines, it is important to keep them clean. A gentle vacuum or duster can be used to remove dust or debris from the water line coils.
- In-line filter: If you are installing a water line for an ice maker or refrigerator, an in-line filter can help avoid potential problems.
It is important to note that different types of pipes may require different tools and fittings. For example, copper pipes require soldering, which is a technical process that needs specific tools and skills. PEX pipes, on the other hand, use push-on or clamp fittings, which are easier to handle but more expensive. PVC pipes are joined with glue, making them prone to leaking. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the specific requirements of the pipes you are using and ensure you have the appropriate tools for a secure and successful installation.
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Fittings and connections
If you're using PEX pipes, you can opt for push-on or clamp fittings, which are user-friendly but tend to be pricier. PEX pipes are made of plastic, easy to cut, and can be connected using simple fittings, making them a popular choice for DIY projects. They can be joined with copper piping, but they require special tools and their longevity is uncertain since they are a relatively new product.
PVC pipes, on the other hand, are lightweight and flexible but more fragile. When installing PVC pipes, the joints must be glued together, making them susceptible to leaking.
When connecting pipes of different materials, such as copper and galvanized pipes, it's important to prevent a reaction that can accelerate corrosion at the joint. This can be done by using a dielectric union, a non-metallic washer that separates the pipes and prevents direct contact.
For refrigerator water lines, plastic tubing is a common choice. If you're tapping into an existing cold water supply line, connect the supply valve to the refrigerator valve using a 1/4-inch water line supply tubing. Ensure that the valve's inlets match the diameter of your pipes.
Before permanently installing any type of pipe, it's crucial to dry-fit the pipes to ensure they are the correct length. This will help prevent leaks and ensure a secure connection.
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Maintenance and troubleshooting
To prevent damage from tree roots, it is important to be mindful of the location of trees near your main water lines and to take the necessary precautions. This may include removing trees that are too close to the pipes, installing root barriers to prevent root growth, or performing regular inspections and maintenance.
If you are experiencing low water pressure, discoloured water, odd-tasting water, increased water bills, leaks or drips near water meters or main supply lines, or sudden surges in water usage, these could be signs of water line failure. In this case, it is advisable to have a professional plumber inspect the issue.
To prevent corrosion, which can weaken pipes and lead to leaks or bursts, it is important to regularly flush the pipes, check for leaks, and perform routine maintenance. Corrosion can also affect water quality, leading to discolouration, bad taste, and other issues.
When installing new water lines, it is important to consider the types of pipes, skills, and tools you will need. For example, PEX pipes are made of plastic, flexible, easy to cut, and can be connected with simple fittings, making them ideal for small repairs. On the other hand, PVC pipes are lightweight and flexible but more fragile and prone to leaking due to glued joints. Copper pipes are durable but require adapters to connect to other pipe materials. Galvanized steel pipes are strong but hard to cut and can corrode over time, potentially blocking water flow or allowing lead into the water supply.
Before installing new water lines, it is crucial to check the building codes in your area to ensure you are using the correct sizes and materials. You should also dry-fit the pipes to ensure they are the right length before gluing or soldering them in place.
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Frequently asked questions
The most common types of pipes used for installing new plastic water lines are PEX, PVC, and ABS. PEX pipes are highly flexible, inexpensive, and easy to cut. PVC pipes are also flexible and inexpensive but are more fragile and prone to leaking. Galvanized steel pipes are another option, but they are harder to cut and can corrode over time.
The tools and materials you need may vary depending on the specific type of pipe you are using. However, some general tools and materials include a pipe cutter or pipe wrench, gloves, a shovel, and the appropriate fittings for your pipes. If you are installing a new water mains pipe, you will also need a roll of suitable water pipe and a cable avoidance tool to scan for any underground utilities.
The process may vary depending on the specific type of pipe and your local building codes. However, some general steps include turning off the main water supply, removing the old water lines, dry-fitting the new pipes to ensure proper length, and then gluing, soldering, or otherwise permanently connecting the new pipes. If you are installing a new water mains pipe, you will also need to plan the route of the water supply and ensure that all underground utilities have been located.
