Maya Ellison
Installing plastic pipes for water supply is a straightforward process that can be completed by following a few essential steps. It is important to ensure that the correct tools and safety precautions are in place before beginning any plumbing project. The first step is to measure and cut the pipes with precision, using appropriate tools such as a fine-tooth saw or special plastic pipe saws. The pipes and fittings should then be cleaned and prepared, followed by the application of primer and cement to create strong, durable bonds. The pipes and fittings can then be carefully assembled, ensuring proper alignment and avoiding any misalignments or leaks. It is crucial to allow adequate cure time for the cement to dry before testing the system for leaks and ensuring smooth operation. With proper preparation and attention to detail, installing plastic pipes for water can be a successful DIY project.
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What You'll Learn
Choosing the right plastic pipe
When choosing the right plastic pipe, there are several factors to consider, including the function of the pipe, the layout of the space, and the specific requirements of the application. Here are some options for choosing the right plastic pipe for your needs:
PEX Pipes
PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) pipes are a popular choice for residential water supply lines. They are durable, flexible, and less expensive compared to other piping materials. PEX pipes can withstand water pressure and are flexible enough to bend and weave through walls, ceilings, and tight spaces. They are commonly used for hot and cold water distribution and are typically colour-coded red for hot water and blue for cold water. PEX pipes are also used for hydronic piping, such as radiators, and for cycling reclaimed water, which is marked with a purple colour code. However, PEX pipes are susceptible to chlorine degradation, which can lead to micro-cracks and pipe failure.
PVC Pipes
PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes are commonly used for potable water systems, underground piping, and sprinkler irrigation systems. They are known for their durability, ease of installation, and cost-effectiveness. PVC pipes are strong, corrosion-resistant, and lightweight, making them a popular choice for new builds and home renovations. They come in various sizes and thicknesses, with Schedule 40 PVC used for lower pressure applications and Schedule 80 PVC for higher pressure applications. It is important to consider the specific requirements, including pressure ratings, fluid compatibility, and environmental conditions when selecting PVC pipes.
Polybutylene Pipes
Polybutylene pipes are another option for plastic piping. They are flexible and can be bent to get through joists or used for straight runs of pipe. They are ideal for underfloor heating installations or when trying to supply water between rooms. However, polybutylene pipes are susceptible to chlorine degradation and are no longer permitted in new construction in North America due to safety concerns.
CPVC Pipes
CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) pipes are a type of plastic piping that has been used in North America for over 60 years. They have proven to be reliable and safe, meeting relevant ASTM, NSF, and state requirements for plumbing systems. CPVC pipes offer an attractive alternative to copper piping due to their lower cost and easier installation. However, it is important to select a trusted brand to ensure reliable performance and maintain water quality.
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Cutting the pipe
- Tools: Choose the right tool for cutting the plastic pipe. You can use a ratchet-type pipe cutter, a miter saw, a reciprocating saw, a mechanical cutoff saw with a carbide-tipped blade, or a wheel-type pipe cutter designed for plastic pipes. These tools can be found in plumbing supply stores or hardware stores.
- Measurement: Measure the pipe accurately before cutting. Mark the desired length or angle of the cut. Ensure that your measurements are precise to avoid mistakes.
- Cutting Technique: Cut the pipe square with the axis. This means that the cut should be straight and perpendicular to the length of the pipe. An angled cut may result in joint failure. If you are joining larger-diameter pipes, especially for pressurized applications, an accurate cut is essential.
- Removing Imperfections: After cutting, inspect the pipe for any burrs or imperfections. Use a deburring tool, sandpaper, or a file to remove any burrs or sharp edges from the inside and outside of the pipe. Leftover burrs can cause clogs by catching hair and other debris.
- Beveling: Bevel the end of the pipe by 10 to 15 degrees using a power or manual deburring tool. This creates a slightly angled edge that can improve the adhesion and flow of water within the pipe.
- Damage and Cracking: If there is any visible damage or cracking at the end of the pipe, cut off at least 2 inches beyond the cracked area. This ensures the structural integrity of the pipe and prevents further cracking or leaks.
Remember to take your time and work carefully when cutting plastic pipes. This step sets the foundation for the rest of the installation process, so accuracy and a proper cutting technique are crucial.
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Preparing the pipe
Before you begin installing plastic pipes for water, it is important to prepare the pipe correctly to ensure a smooth and successful installation process. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to prepare plastic pipes for installation:
Understand the Scope
Begin by assessing the scale of your project. This includes measuring the required length of the pipe and identifying the number and type of fittings needed. Understanding the scope of the project will help you gather the right tools and materials.
Measure and Cut the Pipe
Using a suitable saw, carefully measure and cut the pipe to the required length. Ensure that the cuts are straight and square with the axis of the pipe. Angled or uneven cuts may result in joint failure. If there are any visible cracks or damage at the ends of the pipes, cut off at least 2 inches beyond the affected area.
Deburr the Pipe
Use a deburring tool or sandpaper to remove any burrs or sharp edges from both the inside and outside of the pipe. Leftover burrs can catch hair and debris, leading to clogs. Bevel the end of the pipe by 10 to 15 degrees to create a smooth finish.
Clean and Prep the Pipe
Properly clean and prepare the pipes and fittings to ensure the best adhesion. Use a clean cloth or brush to remove any dust, debris, or residue from the pipe surfaces. This step is crucial for creating a strong and durable bond when joining the pipes.
Apply Primer (if needed)
Depending on the type of plastic pipe you are using, you may need to apply a primer. White or beige pipes, such as PVC and CPVC, typically require a primer, while black ABS pipes do not. Read the manufacturer's instructions to determine if a primer is necessary and follow the recommended application guidelines.
By following these steps, you will have effectively prepared the plastic pipes for installation. Remember to work carefully and refer to the manufacturer's instructions for specific recommendations regarding the pipe type and project requirements.
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Joining the pipe
Joining plastic pipes for water involves creating a watertight connection between two sections of piping. There are several methods for joining plastic pipes, including solvent welding, compression fittings, and electrofusion fittings. Here is a detailed guide on how to join plastic pipes using these methods:
Solvent Welding:
Solvent welding, also known as solvent joining, is a process that uses solvent cement to fuse two pieces of plastic piping together. Here are the steps to follow:
- Prepare the pipes: Use a specialised plastic pipe cutter or a fine-tooth saw to cut the pipes to the desired length. Remove any burrs or imperfections from the pipe ends using a utility knife, deburring tool, or sandpaper.
- Clean the pipes: Use a cloth and a UPVC cleaner to thoroughly clean the inside and outside of the pipe ends and the fittings. Ensure that the natural sheen on the outside of the pipe is removed to allow for successful bonding.
- Apply primer: Once the pipes and fittings are clean and dry, apply a coat of PVC primer to the outside of the pipe ends and the inside of the fittings. Allow the primer to dry for about 10 seconds.
- Apply solvent cement: Spread an even layer of solvent cement on the inside of the fittings and the outside of the pipe ends. Ensure that all mating surfaces are coated.
- Join the pipes: Quickly align the pipes and fittings and push them together with a slight twist. This ensures an even spread of solvent cement and creates a watertight seal.
- Hold and set: Hold the pipes and fittings briefly to set the joint. Once set, allow the joint to cure for at least 25 minutes without any stress or pressure on the pipes.
Compression Fittings:
Compression fittings join pipes by tightening a threaded nut over a cone-shaped rubber washer. Here are the steps to follow:
- Prepare the pipes: Cut the pipes to the desired length and ensure the ends are smooth and free of any burrs or imperfections.
- Attach couplings: If you are joining two different pipes, attach a plastic coupling to one end of each pipe.
- Test the fit: Before applying any glue or cement, dry-fit the pipes and fittings to ensure they align and fit together properly.
- Apply cement or glue: Follow the instructions for your specific type of cement or glue. Typically, you will apply an even layer of cement or glue to the inside of the fittings and the outside of the pipe ends.
- Join the pipes: Quickly insert the pipe ends into the fittings, twisting slightly to ensure an even spread of the adhesive.
- Tighten the nut: Tighten the threaded nut over the cone-shaped rubber washer. This will compress the washer, creating a secure and watertight connection.
Electrofusion Fittings:
Electrofusion fittings use electricity to melt and fuse the pipe and fitting together. Here are the basic steps:
- Prepare the pipes: Cut the pipes to the desired length and ensure the ends are smooth and free of any burrs.
- Attach couplings: If joining two different pipes, attach a coupling to one end of each pipe.
- Test the fit: Dry-fit the pipes and fittings to ensure they align and fit together correctly.
- Electrofusion process: Follow the specific instructions for your electrofusion fittings. Typically, electricity is pumped through a metal coil, melting a small amount of the pipe and fitting to form a secure joint.
Remember to always follow safety precautions when working with plastic pipes and fittings. Wear protective gear, ensure proper ventilation, and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of the pipes and fittings.
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Testing the installation
Check Joints and Connections
Before applying any pressure to the system, conduct a thorough visual inspection of the joints and connections. Look for any misalignments, gaps, or signs of excessive cement or debris. Ensure that the joints are properly sealed and that there are no signs of damage or cracking. If there are visible cracks, cut off at least 2 inches beyond the affected area.
Ensure Proper Support
Verify that all pipes and fittings are securely supported and anchored. Movement during testing can cause damage or misalignment, so it is important to check that everything is stable before proceeding.
Water Test
Introduce water to the system gradually, ensuring that all valves are initially closed. This slow approach helps prevent pressure shocks and protects the pipes. Once the system is filled, open the valves one at a time, monitoring for smooth operation.
Check for Leaks
As the system reaches operating pressure, carefully inspect all joints and connections for any signs of water leakage. Even a small leak can lead to significant issues over time, so it is important to identify and address any leaks immediately.
Hydrostatic Testing
Before conducting a hydrostatic test, allow the joints and cement to cure completely. Refer to the manufacturer's recommendations for set and cure times, as they can vary depending on the brand, pipe diameter, and ambient temperature. Avoid subjecting the pipes to water pressure until fully cured.
Final Checks
After testing, confirm that everything is functioning as expected. If you encounter any issues or complexities during the installation process, don't hesitate to seek guidance from a professional.
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Frequently asked questions
There are three common types of plastic plumbing pipes: PVC, CPVC, and ABS.
You will need an axis-cutting machine, such as a ratchet-type pipe cutter, miter saw, or reciprocating saw. You will also need sandpaper, a deburring tool, and solvent cement.
First, cut the pipe square with the axis. Then, bevel the end of the pipe by 10 to 15 degrees. Next, apply an even layer of solvent cement to the inside of the fitting and outside of the pipe. Finally, align and insert the pipe into the fitting, twisting until the marks are aligned.
Before introducing any pressure to the system, conduct a visual inspection for misalignments, gaps, or signs of excessive cement or debris around the joints. Then, slowly introduce water to the system, ensuring that all valves are initially closed. Once the system is filled, open the valves one at a time to check for smooth operation.
Ensure that you use the correct solvent and primer for the type of pipe you are using. Avoid applying too much cement to the inside of the socket on the fitting. Also, do not subject the pipes to any water pressure until the cement has fully cured.
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