Maya Ellison
Plastic water pipes, also known as PEX pipes, are a popular choice for plumbing due to their flexibility, durability, and ease of installation. With PEX piping, you can use a manifold and 'home-run' system, which simplifies plumbing runs and reduces potential leaks. When installing PEX pipes, it's important to ensure that the tubing is loose enough to allow for expansion and contraction, and to use plastic straps instead of metal ones. PEX pipes are also a good choice for areas with acidic water, as they are corrosion-resistant. Additionally, they do not require glue, making the installation process safer and more convenient.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Installation | PEX pipes can be installed using a manifold and 'home-run' system, which is fast and easy, or with a conventional mainline and branch system. |
| Connections | PEX connections are quicker to make than soldering copper and do not require glue, unlike CPVC. |
| Corrosion | PEX is unaffected by acidic water and will not corrode like copper. |
| Cost | PEX and CPVC cost about the same, but PEX may be a better choice due to its flexibility and resistance to bursting when frozen. |
| Ventilation | PEX installation does not require well-ventilated spaces or respirators, unlike CPVC. |
| Flexibility | PEX is more flexible than CPEX and can be easier to work with when 'fishing' through walls. |
| Shut-off valves | It is recommended to install a shut-off valve for convenience, although this may depend on the system used and local regulations. |
| Pipe tension | PEX should not be stretched tight and should be allowed to droop between fasteners to accommodate expansion and contraction. |
| Pipe loops | Installing a loop in long runs of PEX pipe allows for contraction and can provide extra tubing if needed. |
| Fasteners | Plastic straps should be used to attach PEX pipes instead of metal straps. |
| Water heater connection | PEX cannot be directly connected to a water heater. A pipe extension is required for the connection. |
| Grades | There are three grades of PEX for water lines: PEX-A, PEX-B, and PEX-C, with PEX-A being the most flexible. |
| Radiant heating systems | PEX is popular for in-floor radiant heating systems, but oxygen barrier tubing is required. |
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What You'll Learn
Choosing the right type of plastic piping
Plastic pipes are a common choice for plumbing due to their ease of installation, low cost, and versatility compared to metal pipes. However, not all plastic pipes are the same, and it's important to choose the right type for your specific application. Here are some factors to consider when choosing the right type of plastic piping:
Application
The intended application of the plastic pipe is a crucial factor in selecting the appropriate type. Some plastic pipes are better suited for specific applications than others. For example, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) pipes are commonly used for waste lines and main water lines, but not for hot water applications as they can warp at temperatures above 140°F. On the other hand, PEX (cross-linked polyethylene) pipes are suitable for both hot and cold water distribution within homes, including freshwater kitchen and bathroom systems.
Durability
The durability of the plastic pipe is an important consideration. Some plastic pipes are more durable than others and can withstand higher temperatures and pressures. For instance, CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) pipes have a special chlorinated coating that increases their heat resistance, making them suitable for hot water lines. Cast iron pipes are also known for their durability and longevity, but they are heavy and difficult to cut.
Flexibility
The flexibility of the plastic pipe can impact the ease and speed of installation. PEX pipes, for example, are highly flexible, making them quick and easy to install, even in tight spaces. They can also withstand freezing temperatures without bursting, which is an advantage in cold climates. However, due to their flexibility, PEX pipes require support to prevent sagging or bending.
Health and Environmental Considerations
The health and environmental implications of plastic pipes should also be taken into account. Metal pipes like copper are valued for their purity and lack of health risks, whereas some plastic pipes have been associated with leaching chemicals and chlorine degradation, such as polybutylene pipes, which are no longer permitted in new construction in North America due to safety concerns. Additionally, the recyclability of plastic pipes may be a factor for environmentally conscious consumers.
Local Codes and Standards
It is essential to check local codes and standards before installing any type of plastic pipe. Certain types of plastic pipes may not be permitted in specific regions or for particular applications. For example, while PEX pipes are commonly used across the United States, they are not allowed everywhere, and proper installation and testing are crucial.
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Installing a shut-off valve
Shut-off valves, also known as supply stop valves, are essential for connecting supply lines to sinks and toilets. They also allow you to repair leaks near fixtures without turning off the water supply to your entire house. Before installing a shut-off valve, you must determine how the existing valve is connected to the pipe. It could be connected via solder, a compression fitting, or a threaded fitting.
If the valve is a threaded connection, you will notice visible threads where the fitting connects to the pipe. The pipe will likely be made of copper or galvanized material. To replace this type of valve, shut off the water supply to the fixture. If you are working on a hot water supply line, turn off electric water heaters or adjust gas water heaters to the pilot setting. Drain the line by opening the faucet and placing a bucket under the old valve.
For a solder-type valve, cut the supply line with a pipe cutter, leaving enough room for the new valve fitting. You can also heat the fitting with a propane torch to loosen it if there isn't enough room for a cut. If you are removing a compression-type valve, loosen the compression nut with an adjustable wrench. Use a second wrench to steady the valve if it turns with the nut. Push the nut away and cut the ferrule with a hacksaw. Protect the pipe from any damage and use a flat-head screwdriver to pry the ferrule loose.
If you are installing a solder-type valve, clean the pipe and the inside of the valve with a sanding cloth, removing any residual solder. Apply flux to the fitting and the joint. For a push-to-connect type valve, clean the pipe with the sanding cloth, ensuring a smooth and clean surface. Once you have removed the old valve or prepared the pipe for a new installation, secure the pipe with a pipe wrench and tighten the new valve with an adjustable wrench, being careful not to over-tighten. Reattach the supply lines and turn on the main water supply. Open the new valve and let the water flow to clear the air in the lines. Check for leaks and tighten as needed.
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Using a manifold and 'home-run' system
A plumbing manifold system is an efficient way to quickly deliver hot and cold water to fixtures around your home. This system uses a central manifold with individual lines running to each fixture. This is known as a home-run manifold system.
The benefits of this setup include more balanced water pressure and fewer required fittings, reducing the risk of leaks. The home-run manifold is considered intuitive as it allows for easily accessible shut-off valves. This makes it easier to identify plumbing line issues and keep your home safe from costly repairs.
Manifold systems also conserve water and energy. They use smaller PEX tubing, which reduces water waste and is cheaper and easier to install than copper piping. The flexibility of PEX tubing allows for rounded bends, creating less water turbulence and more efficient flow.
If you are installing a new sink or adding an outside hose, a supply line can be easily attached to your manifold's ports.
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Connecting PEX to a water heater
If you choose to connect PEX directly to your water heater, you should consult the manufacturer's guide for specific requirements and instructions. It is also recommended to have at least an 18-inch copper extension from the tank to the PEX to mitigate the risk of heat damage. This setup can be more convenient than copper pipes as it doesn't require multiple elbows or a pipe bender to make a radius.
Additionally, there are specific regulations and codes that need to be considered when connecting PEX to a water heater. These codes may vary depending on your location and the specific type of water heater you are using. It is essential to ensure that your installation complies with all relevant safety standards and regulations.
Finally, when working with any plumbing or heating system, it is always advisable to seek professional guidance or assistance if you are unsure about any aspect of the installation. Improper connections or materials can lead to leaks, damage to your property, or even safety hazards, so taking the time to understand the correct procedures or consulting a qualified plumber can help ensure a safe and effective installation.
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Avoiding common installation mistakes
While installing plastic water pipes may seem like a simple task, there are several common mistakes that can lead to costly repairs, water damage, or even total system failure. Here are some tips to help you avoid these mistakes and ensure a proper installation:
First and foremost, it is crucial to choose the right pipe material. Plastic pipes are not suitable for hot water lines as they can melt and warp or crack under high-temperature conditions, leading to leaks and reduced water pressure. For hot water applications, metal pipes are a better alternative.
Another common mistake is overtightening connections due to the fear of leakage. This can put unnecessary stress on the pipe and fitting, leading to cracks and, eventually, leaks. Avoid forcing the bolts beyond their natural stopping point. Properly sealing joints with the correct sealant or plumber's tape is essential for preventing leaks and maintaining system integrity.
Before making any alterations to your plumbing system, remember to secure the necessary permits from your local government unit. Ignoring local building codes can result in incorrect pipe sizing and placement, leading to issues such as sewer odours, pressure imbalances, and inefficient wastewater flow. Always consult plumbing codes or seek professional advice to ensure compliance.
Additionally, be mindful of pipe diameter and slope guidelines. Replacing P-traps with S-traps, for example, can lead to siphoning and sewer odours. Drain pipes require a specific slope to ensure efficient wastewater flow. Too much or too little slope can cause clogs or leave solids behind.
Finally, always shut off the water supply before repairing or replacing pipes. Failing to do so can result in water flooding your building and causing extensive damage. Know the multiple locations where your water supply can be shut off, including the valve underneath fixtures, on the water heater, and near the water meter.
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Frequently asked questions
PEX piping is a type of plastic water pipe that has been used for decades in other countries and offers several benefits over copper piping. It doesn't require glue, is flexible, and is resistant to acidic water.
There are three grades of PEX piping for water lines: PEX-A, PEX-B, and PEX-C. PEX-A is the most flexible option and is worth the small extra cost over PEX-B or PEX-C.
You can install PEX piping with a manifold and 'home-run' system, which involves running a separate PEX tube to each fixture from a central manifold near the main water line and water heater. This system is fast and reduces the risk of leaks.
No, you must first extend a pipe (at least 18 inches) from your water heater and then connect the PEX piping to that pipe.
Yes, a few things to keep in mind are: don't stretch the PEX piping tight, use plastic straps instead of metal ones, and consider installing a shutoff valve for added convenience.
