Alexei Volkov
Joining two plastic pipes is a simple process that can be done in a number of ways. The most common method is to use solvent cement, also known as PVC glue or pipe glue, which chemically bonds the pipes together. This involves cleaning the pipe ends, applying primer, applying solvent cement to both the pipe ends and fitting socket, and then joining them together. Other methods include using compression fittings, which join together by tightening a threaded nut over a cone-shaped rubber washer, or PVC mechanical joints, such as slip-joint couplings or repair couplings, which provide a simple and flexible connection.
Characteristics and their values for joining two plastic pipes
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Pipe material | PVC, CPVC, ABS, MDPE |
| Joining method | Solvent cement, glue, electrofusion, compression fittings, threaded fittings |
| Tools required | Utility knife/deburring tool, hacksaw, sandpaper, wire wool, primer, cement/glue |
| Process | Clean and prep pipes, apply primer, apply cement/glue, attach couplings, test fit |
| Safety considerations | Proper ventilation, avoid universal solvent cements, use correct cement for pipe material |
| Advantages | Waterproof bond, strong joint, easy to dismantle, leak-proof |
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What You'll Learn
Clean and prepare the pipes
Firstly, ensure the pipes are cut to the desired length. The cheapest method is to use a hacksaw, but this makes it difficult to get a straight edge. Instead, use a plastic pipe cutter, which operates on a wheel that clamps onto the pipe, cutting a groove. Line the cutter up with the pipe and tighten the adjustable wheel, being careful not to crush the pipe.
Next, clean the pipes. Use wire wool to clean the inside and outside of the pipes, removing any dirt, residue, and sheen. Use a specific pipe cleaner to thoroughly clean the area around the connection point.
Then, bevel the ends of the pipe. This is important to streamline assembly and ensure leak-free joints. Use sandpaper or a file to create slightly beveled edges. The inside bevel will eliminate sharp edges that could snag debris and cause clogs, while the outside bevel will ensure the pipe is fully seated in the fitting.
If you are using PVC, apply primer to the inside of the fitting and to the outside of the pipe, adding a second coat to the inside of the fitting. If you are using polyethylene pipes, place the electrofusion fitting next to the pipe and mark roughly 10-15mm further down the pipe than half of the socket depth.
Finally, clean the exterior of the pipe and interior of the fitting with a dry rag to eliminate any remaining debris.
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Apply primer
Joining two plastic pipes requires careful preparation and the right tools. Before applying any primer, ensure you have the correct type of primer and cement for your pipe material. PVC pipes and fittings, for example, are joined with cement, but this is not regular glue. It is a chemical solvent that melts the surface layer of plastics, creating a stronger joint than the original pipe. Because of this, different PVC plastics require different solvent cements, and a matching primer. Multipurpose primers are purple, while CPVC cement is typically orange.
Once you have the correct materials, ensure you are wearing protective clothing, including safety goggles and gloves. It is also a good idea to lay a tarp or towel over your work surface to minimise cleanup in case of spills or drips. As you will be working with solvent cement, ensure your work area is well-ventilated, as the fumes can be dangerous.
Now you are ready to begin preparing the pipes. Carefully remove any burrs with a utility knife or deburring tool, and check for damage, wiping the pipes with a rag to remove any dirt or dust. You should also remove the natural sheen on the outside of the pipe, using wire wool. This will allow for a successful bond.
With the pipes prepared, you can apply the primer. Using the brush included with the primer, paint the outside of the pipe and the inside of the fitting with the PVC primer. Primer softens the plastic and helps the cement bond more effectively, so be sure to cover all mating surfaces. Allow the primer to dry for about 10 seconds before applying cement.
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Use solvent cement
Joining two plastic pipes with solvent cement creates a strong and permanent connection. This method is ideal for fusing two pieces of plastic piping of various shapes and sizes.
Before applying solvent cement, you must clean the pipe and fitting thoroughly. Use a specific pipe cleaner or UPVC cleaner to clean the area around the connection point. You can also use wire wool to clean the inside and outside of the pipes, removing the natural sheen on the outside of the pipe. Make sure to dry fit the pipe and fitting hub to ensure a smooth fit.
Once the pipe and fitting are clean and dry, apply a liberal coat of solvent cement to the exterior of the pipe end. Use enough cement to ensure complete coverage of both the pipe and fitting surfaces. Apply the cement within five minutes of priming. Stir or shake the cement before using, as it must be fluid.
Next, insert the pipe into the fitting, giving it a slight twist to spread the cement evenly. Press the pipe and fitting together firmly for a few seconds to ensure a solid bond.
After joining the pipes, wipe off any excess cement that may have squeezed out. The bond typically sets within a few seconds, but it is recommended to wait at least 15 minutes before handling the pipes and at least 2 hours before pressurizing the system or using it for water or other fluids. The cure time for solvent cement can vary depending on the manufacturer, temperature, and pipe diameter, but it typically takes around 8-24 hours to fully cure.
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Connect with compression fittings
Compression fittings are a convenient option for joining plastic pipes without the need for specialized tools or cement. They are also known as mission couplings and are often used to connect dissimilar drain lines, such as galvanized steel to plastic or cast iron to plastic. Compression fittings consist of a compression nut, a compression ring, and a compression sleeve. The pipe is inserted into the fitting, and as the compression nut is tightened, it compresses the ring and sleeve against the pipe, creating a secure connection.
To connect two plastic pipes using compression fittings, follow these steps:
- Clean and deburr your pipes, ideally with wire wool, to remove any dirt and residue.
- Unscrew all the pieces of the compression fitting to understand how they work. You should see a compression nut, a compression ring (sometimes made of plastic), and a rubber sealing ring.
- Put the compression nut on first, followed by the compression ring, and finally the rubber sealing ring. The rubber sealing ring has a tapered edge that must be fitted with the narrow end facing toward the join.
- Bring the fitting in and push up so that the tapered edge is squeezing onto the fitting.
- Hand-tighten the compression nut. Do not use tools as the join will never be under pressure.
- If you are connecting modern 15mm pipe to a 1/2-inch imperial pipe, you can use standard metric compression fittings. However, to connect a 22mm pipe to a 3/4-inch pipe, you will need a 22mm compression fitting with a special oversize.
It is important to note that compression fittings are just one method of connecting plastic pipes. Other methods include using male and female fittings with pipe thread tape and glue, push-fit joints with O-rings, or soldering with capillary joints. The best method depends on the specific application and the materials of the pipes being joined.
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Test the connection
Testing the connection is a crucial step in the process of joining two plastic pipes. Here are some detailed instructions to ensure a secure and effective connection:
Firstly, perform a dry run by attaching the pipes together without any glue or cement. This step ensures a proper fit, allowing you to identify and address any potential issues with the connection. Mark the pipes with a permanent marker to help you align them correctly after applying the adhesive.
Before gluing the pipes, it is essential to prepare the pipe surfaces properly. Clean the inside and outside of the pipes using wire wool or a utility knife/deburring tool to remove any dirt, residue, or sheen. This step ensures that the adhesive bonds effectively to the pipe surfaces. Check for any damage or debris, wiping the pipes with a rag or cloth to ensure they are free from dust.
If you are using solvent cement, ensure you are working in a well-ventilated area as the fumes can be dangerous. Apply the cement or glue to both surfaces, making sure there are no uncoated areas. Some adhesives, like pipe thread tape, may require specific application methods, so be sure to follow the recommended procedures.
After applying the adhesive, attach the pipes together, twisting them slightly to ensure an even spread of the adhesive and a watertight seal. Hold the pipes briefly to set the connection. If you are using solvent cement, leave the pipes undisturbed for at least 25 minutes to allow the joint to cure completely.
Finally, test the connection by subjecting it to stress or pressure. You can turn on the water supply and observe the joint for any signs of leakage. If the joint remains watertight and secure, your connection is successful. If you notice any issues, you may need to repeat the process or seek professional advice to ensure a proper and durable connection.
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Frequently asked questions
The best method to join 2 plastic pipes is by using solvent cement, also known as PVC glue or pipe glue. This creates a strong, leak-proof joint as it dries and cures.
First, clean the pipe ends using wire wool to remove any dirt and residue. Then, apply a purple primer to the outer end of the pipe and let it dry for about 10 seconds. Next, spread an even layer of solvent cement on the inside of the fitting and outside of the pipe. Finally, join the pipes together and hold them briefly to set.
Yes, there are a few other methods to join 2 plastic pipes. One method is by using compression fittings, which consist of a compression nut, a compression ring, and a compression sleeve. Another method is by using threaded fittings, which involve screwing threaded ends of the pipes into threaded fittings. A third method is by using electrofusion fittings, which use electricity to melt a small amount of the pipe fitting to form a join.
