Maya Ellison
Painting plastic models is a fun and rewarding hobby that can be done by people of all skill levels. Whether you're a beginner or a pro, there are a few essential things you need to know about brush painting plastic models. Firstly, it's important to use the right type of paint and brushes. Acrylic or enamel paint is typically used for plastic models, and synthetic brushes are recommended to avoid fraying. Before you start painting, it's crucial to clean your model with soap and water to ensure a smooth finish. This guide will take you through the steps of painting plastic models with a brush, from preparing your model to applying the final decals.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Brush type | Synthetic brushes are best to avoid fraying. Smaller brushes are good for small brush strokes. Synthetic sable or fox hair brushes are good choices. |
| Paint type | Acrylic or enamel paint. Acrylics dry fast and are non-toxic, but they can leave brushstroke marks. Enamels can be toxic so must be used in well-ventilated areas. Tamiya Acrylics are also an option. |
| Cleaning | Clean the model with water and soap before painting to ensure no dust particles or contaminants get sealed into the paint job. |
| Base coat | Use spray paint to create a uniform base coat before brush painting. |
| Painting technique | Paint slowly and evenly. Start with light colours, then dark tones, and finally metallic colours. Wash the brush after each colour change. |
| Drying time | Let each colour dry for 30-60 minutes. Let the finished model dry for about 12 hours in a dust-free, wind-protected, and not-too-cold place. |
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What You'll Learn
Brush types: Sable, synthetic, or natural hair
Brush type is an important consideration when painting plastic models. The three main types of brushes used for painting plastic models are sable, synthetic, and other natural hair brushes. Each type has its own unique characteristics and is suited for different types of paint and techniques.
Sable brushes, made from natural sable hair, are a popular choice for model painters. They offer a combination of softness and precision, making them ideal for water-based paints, such as acrylics. Sable brushes provide a smooth application and are available in different grades, with Kolinsky sable being a premium option known for its exceptional quality.
Synthetic brushes, on the other hand, are designed to retain their shape over time. High-quality synthetic brushes, such as the AK-Interactive series, are known for their durability and ability to hold their shape, even with frequent use. Synthetic sable brushes, in particular, are excellent choices for painting plastic models due to their resistance to fraying. These brushes are more affordable than natural hair brushes and are suitable for beginners or those on a budget.
Other natural hair brushes, such as those made from fox hair, are also an option for model painters. While they can be extremely expensive, veteran model painters may prefer them for specific techniques or paint types. Natural hair brushes are known for their softness and ability to hold a large amount of paint, making them suitable for certain painting styles.
When choosing a brush type, it is important to consider the paint you will be using. Acrylic paints, for example, work well with sable brushes or synthetic brushes designed for watercolours. Enamel paints, on the other hand, can be used to achieve an airbrushed effect and may be better suited for synthetic brushes that can handle thinner layers of paint.
Additionally, the level of detail required in your model painting will influence your brush choice. For intricate details, smaller synthetic brushes are recommended as they are less likely to split with small brush strokes. For bulk work or larger areas, a combination of sable and synthetic brushes in various sizes can be utilised.
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Paint types: Enamel, acrylic, or watercolour
When it comes to painting plastic models with a brush, there are three main types of paint to choose from: enamel, acrylic, and watercolour. Each has its own unique set of characteristics, advantages, and drawbacks. Here is a detailed guide to help you understand the properties of each paint type and make an informed decision for your project.
Enamel paint is a traditional option that has been used for a long time. It is oil-based and known for its excellent colour coverage and smooth finish. One of the unique features of enamel paint is that it remains pliable even after drying, allowing for easy manipulation. However, this same property results in a longer drying time compared to acrylics. Enamel paint also has a strong odour due to its turpentine base. It is important to note that enamel paint cannot be mixed with water because of its oil base; instead, special enamel thinners are available for mixing and brush cleaning. Enamel paints are known for their great grip and do not require the use of a primer.
Acrylic paint, on the other hand, is a popular choice for brush painting plastic models. It is easy to work with and can be thinned by simply mixing it with water. Acrylics are available in both airbrush-ready and regular brush-on versions. When using water-based acrylics, it is recommended to have both types as thinning the brush-on version for airbrushing can be challenging for beginners. Acrylic paints are well-suited for brush painting and provide good coverage, although they may not cover as effectively as enamels. Acrylic lacquers offer a wide range of expressive possibilities, allowing modellers to fine-tune various effects.
Watercolour paint is another option for painting plastic models with a brush. While it is not as commonly mentioned as enamel or acrylic paint in the context of model painting, it can still be used. Watercolour paints are water-based and known for their transparency and ability to create subtle, soft effects. They are typically used in artistic painting and can be applied with a brush to plastic models as well. However, keep in mind that watercolour paints may not provide the same level of opacity and coverage as enamel or acrylic paints.
It is worth noting that all three types of paint tend to separate when sitting in their containers for extended periods. Therefore, it is essential to mix the paint thoroughly before using it. Additionally, always test the paint on a small portion of the model or a spare piece of plastic to ensure it adheres well and does not react adversely with the plastic surface.
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Preparing the model: Cleaning and priming
Preparing your plastic model for painting is an important step in achieving a professional finish. Here is a detailed guide on preparing your model, covering cleaning and priming.
Cleaning
Firstly, ensure you have a stable surface and a base for your model, such as old newspapers. Bright light is also important, so set up in a well-lit area or use a bright lamp to illuminate the model. Before painting, it is crucial to clean your model to prevent dust particles or contaminants from getting sealed into the paint. Fill a bowl with warm water and add a mild detergent or dish soap. Submerge the model and use a clean toothbrush to gently brush it for a minute or two. This will help remove any resin or chemical agents used in the manufacturing process, giving your model a better finish. Rinse the model under clean water and dry it with a clean cloth.
Priming
Priming is an optional step, and you may choose to skip it if your model is made of a single material. However, primer helps paint adhere better to the model. If you decide to prime, tape off any areas you do not want to be painted. Use high-quality primers designed for plastics, available in liquid or spray form. Tamiya offers a range of primers in different colours, including white and grey. White primer is suitable for light colours, while grey primer works well for dark colours. Spray primers can be distributed quickly and evenly, and any irregularities can be smoothed out with fine-grained sandpaper after drying. If you are a beginner, a brush-on primer might be a better option as it gives you more control.
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Painting techniques: Layering and thinning
Layering and thinning are essential techniques in brush painting plastic models. Here are some tips to help you master these techniques:
Layering
Layering involves applying multiple thin coats of paint to achieve depth and create a uniform surface. Here are some specific tips for layering:
- Start with a base coat: Begin with a solid colour to create an even foundation for your subsequent layers. Use a flat brush and work in even strokes, allowing the paint to dry before adding the next layer.
- Work from large to small: Start with the largest areas of colour and gradually work your way down to the smaller details. This approach helps you avoid having to work around smaller brushstrokes.
- Overlap brushstrokes: When applying each layer, overlap your brushstrokes to ensure a smooth and even finish.
- Use different brush sizes: As you move from larger areas to smaller details, switch to smaller brushes to maintain precision and control.
- Be patient: Layering can be time-consuming, but it's worth taking your time to achieve the best results. Work slowly and steadily, especially when painting intricate details.
Thinning
Thinning the paint involves adding a small amount of thinner or water to reduce its viscosity and enhance its flow. Here are some specific tips for thinning:
- Adjust thickness: The amount of thinner you add will depend on the desired finish. A smaller amount of thinner will result in a thicker coat, while a 1-to-1 ratio of paint and thinner will create a nearly translucent colour.
- Test your mixture: Before applying the thinned paint to your model, test it on a blank sheet of paper to ensure it's the right consistency and opacity.
- Choose the right thinner: The type of thinner you use depends on the paint. For acrylic paints, use water or an acrylic medium, while enamel paints require a special modelling solvent or enamel thinner.
- Enhance flow and coverage: Thinning your paint can improve its flow and coverage, making it easier to apply and helping you achieve a smoother finish.
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Safety: Respirators and gloves
When painting plastic models with a brush, it is important to take the necessary precautions to ensure your safety. While painting is generally a low-risk activity, certain products used in paint can be harmful if inhaled or if they come into contact with your skin. Therefore, it is crucial to wear the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE).
Respirators
Respirators are essential for protecting yourself from inhaling harmful chemicals, vapors, and particles present in paint. When choosing a respirator, look for one that is specifically designed for painting, such as the 3M Paint Project Reusable Respirator, which is NIOSH-approved and offers protection against organic vapors and particles. This respirator features an airtight fit, ensuring that you are protected from inhaling any hazardous substances.
Additionally, consider investing in a good pair of safety goggles or a face shield to protect your eyes from paint splashes and irritants.
Gloves
Gloves are another critical component of your safety gear when painting. They act as a barrier between your skin and the paint, preventing skin contact and absorption of harmful chemicals. When selecting gloves for painting, opt for impermeable disposable gloves that are suitable for both water- and oil-based paints. Latex gloves are also a good option, as they provide protection while allowing for dexterity and a comfortable fit.
It is important to note that if you are using paint thinners, solvents, or other harmful chemicals, you should choose solvent-resistant gloves specifically designed for handling these substances.
By following these safety guidelines and wearing the appropriate respirators and gloves, you can confidently undertake your plastic model painting project while minimizing the risks associated with paint exposure.
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Frequently asked questions
You can use either acrylic or enamel paint. Acrylics are non-toxic, but they can leave brushstroke marks. Enamels can achieve an airbrushed effect but are toxic, so they must be used in well-ventilated areas. You can also use water-based acrylics, which are ideal for hand-brushing.
Synthetic brushes are ideal for painting plastic models as they are less likely to fray or split. Smaller synthetic brushes are best for achieving small brush strokes, which are often required for painting plastic models.
Clean your model with soap and water before painting to ensure no dust or contaminants get sealed into your paint job. You can also submerge your model in isopropyl alcohol before rinsing and cleaning it.
Start with light colours, then move to dark tones, and finally, metallic colours. Paint slowly and evenly over the model, and be sure to wash your brush after each colour change. Let each colour dry for 30-60 minutes, and apply up to four passes if needed.
You can use spray paint to create a uniform base coat before brush painting, which is ideal for models that are mostly one colour. You can also use primer to help the paint adhere to the model, but this can fill in intricate engravings and thicken the model.
