Maya Ellison
Planting trees in containers is a great option for those with small gardens or limited outdoor space. It allows you to bring height, colour, and even fruit to your garden without requiring a large piece of property. Container-grown trees can be used to frame entryways or provide interesting focal points, and they come in various styles, shapes, and colours. When selecting a tree, it's important to consider its mature size and choose a container that will accommodate both the tree and its roots. Smaller species and dwarf varieties are good candidates for containers, as they are less likely to become stunted or struggle in a small root space. Trees in containers tend to dry out more quickly than those in the ground, so regular watering and a good watering regime are essential.
Characteristics and Values Table for Planting Trees in Plastic Containers
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Container size | Containers should be large enough to accommodate the tree and its roots. Containers should be as wide as they are high to provide insulation to the roots. |
| Container type | Regular, moveable containers or large, permanent planters. Plastic containers may require weights (e.g. stones) in windy areas to prevent toppling over. |
| Tree type | Smaller trees are better suited for containers, as they have limited space to spread their roots. Dwarf cultivars, smaller species, and dwarf varieties are good choices. Examples include Dwarf Cherry Blossom, Japanese Maple, compact Conifers, etc. |
| Soil/Compost | Avoid using only garden soil as it may be too dense and carry weed seeds or pests. Most trees thrive in loam-based compost, such as John Innes No. 3, providing stability. Acid-loving trees require ericaceous compost. |
| Watering | Containers dry out quicker than the ground, so a good watering regime is essential, especially in hot/dry weather. Water regularly in spring and summer, less in autumn, and not at all in winter for dormant trees. |
| Location | Consider the mature size of the tree and avoid obstacles. Think about shading windows/AC units and the amount of sun the location receives. Protect containers in exposed gardens during winter to prevent root freezing. |
| Mulch | Mulch is necessary for potted trees. |
| Pruning | Keep your trees in shape with regular pruning. |
| Drainage | Add broken terracotta pot pieces to the base to prevent compost from washing out of the drainage holes. |
| Fertilizer | Refresh the top layer of compost annually in spring and add controlled-release fertilizer granules. Alternatively, use a liquid feed at regular intervals. |
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What You'll Learn
- Container size and type: Choose a container that complements its surroundings and is wide and deep enough for the tree's roots
- Tree selection: Pick a tree suitable for containers, considering root system, size, growing requirements and location
- Soil and compost: Avoid using garden soil. Opt for a loam-based compost like John Innes No. 3, and consider adding broken terracotta for drainage
- Planting process: Dig a hole, lay the container on its side, tap to loosen roots, and gently remove the tree, keeping the soil around the roots intact
- Watering and maintenance: Water regularly, especially in hot and dry weather. Protect roots from freezing temperatures and refresh the compost layer annually
Container size and type: Choose a container that complements its surroundings and is wide and deep enough for the tree's roots
When planting trees in containers, it's essential to choose a container that not only complements its surroundings but also provides sufficient space for the tree's roots to grow and develop. Here are some key considerations for selecting the right container size and type:
First and foremost, the container should be large enough to accommodate the mature size of the tree. Consider the tree's expected height and the spread of its roots to ensure the container offers adequate space. Smaller species, dwarf varieties, and trees with a naturally small mature size are generally better suited for container growing. Examples include dwarf cherry blossom trees, Japanese maples, compact conifers, and weeping crab apple trees.
The shape of the container is also important. Ideally, the container should be as wide as it is high. This shape provides the best possible insulation for the roots. Additionally, consider the overall weight of the container. Larger, heavier containers are suitable for trees that will remain as permanent fixtures year-round. However, keep in mind that very large containers can become quite heavy and may be challenging to move once planted.
Drainage is another critical factor. Ensure the container has ample drainage holes at the bottom to allow excess water to escape. This will help prevent waterlogging, which can be detrimental to the tree's health. Check the soil type as well. Good container soil should retain adequate moisture without becoming waterlogged, providing sufficient aeration and drainage. Avoid using soil directly from the garden, as it may not drain well and could introduce weeds, insects, and diseases.
Container size options can vary significantly, ranging from small 4-inch containers for trees up to 10 inches tall to large containers over 200 gallons in size for full-size mature trees. The size you choose will depend on the specific tree species and your space constraints. Remember that the container should always complement the tree aesthetically while providing the necessary functional support for its roots.
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Tree selection: Pick a tree suitable for containers, considering root system, size, growing requirements and location
When selecting a tree to plant in a plastic container, it is important to consider the root system, size, growing requirements, and location.
Firstly, consider the root system. Choose a tree with an established and intact root system, as this will give the tree a strong start once it is planted in the container. Container-grown trees have the advantage of having a healthy root system that hasn't been disturbed, reducing the risk of transplant shock, which can slow growth or even cause the tree to fail. Look for white, fibrous, and well-distributed roots, which indicate a healthy root system.
Secondly, consider the size of the tree and the container. Smaller species and dwarf varieties are generally better suited for container growing. The size of a tree is usually proportional to the size of its root system, so containers will restrict the tree's ultimate size. Choose a container that is as wide as it is high to provide adequate insulation to the roots. Consider the weight of the container, especially if it will be placed on a balcony or rooftop, as the weight of the soil, tree, and water can be a structural concern. Lightweight plastic containers are ideal if the plant requires moving or is located on a balcony.
Thirdly, consider the growing requirements of the tree. Select a tree that is hardy enough to withstand extreme temperatures, as containers do not provide the same insulation as the ground. Protect the tree roots from freezing temperatures by keeping the container in a sheltered location or using insulating material during cold months. Keep in mind that container-grown trees can dry out quickly, so regular watering, especially during the first 12 months of planting, is essential.
Finally, consider the location of the container. If the tree will remain in a permanent location, choose a larger, heavier container and select a tree for its year-round appearance, size, and maintenance requirements. If the container will be placed in an area with weight restrictions, such as a balcony or rooftop, ensure that the combined weight of the container, soil, tree, and water does not exceed the weight capacity.
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Soil and compost: Avoid using garden soil. Opt for a loam-based compost like John Innes No. 3, and consider adding broken terracotta for drainage
When planting trees in containers, it is important to choose the right soil and compost. Avoid using garden soil, as it is not suitable for potted plants. Instead, opt for a loam-based compost like John Innes No. 3, which is specifically formulated for mature plants and trees. John Innes compost is a well-known and trusted range of compost blends developed in the UK in the 1930s. It is known for its balanced, nutrient-rich formula that supports healthy plant growth.
John Innes No. 3 is perfect for trees planted in containers because it provides the necessary nutrients for strong growth and vibrant health. It is designed to promote vast root development, healthy growth, and excellent drainage. This is especially important for trees in containers, as they tend to dry out much quicker than trees growing in the ground. A good watering regime is essential for container-grown trees, especially during hot or dry spells.
John Innes No. 3 contains loam, water sand, and high levels of essential fertilisers (NPK). Loam provides a steady supply of nutrients and water, free drainage, good structure, and aeration. It is also important to choose a container that is large enough to accommodate the tree's roots and wide enough to provide adequate insulation. Dwarf Cherry Blossom trees, Japanese Maples, compact Conifers, and Magnolia shrubs are popular choices for container growing.
In addition to John Innes No. 3 compost, consider adding broken terracotta to the container for further drainage benefits. This will help to ensure that the roots of the tree have access to sufficient water and nutrients, promoting healthy growth. With the right soil, compost, and drainage, your container-grown tree will thrive and brighten up your patio, terrace, or balcony.
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Planting process: Dig a hole, lay the container on its side, tap to loosen roots, and gently remove the tree, keeping the soil around the roots intact
Planting a tree in a plastic container is a great option for smaller gardens, patios, or terraces. It is important to choose the right tree for your space, as some trees are better suited to container planting than others. Dwarf cultivars, such as dwarf cherry blossoms, Japanese maples, compact conifers, weeping crab apples, and smaller magnolia varieties, are ideal for containers. Avoid fast-growing, large, or vigorous trees, as they will eventually look stunted in a container.
Now, onto the planting process:
First, dig a hole about three to four times as wide as your plastic container, with sloping sides. This will give the roots ample room to grow and establish themselves. Lay your tree's plastic container on its side and tap the bottom and sides gently, but firmly, to loosen the roots. This step is important, as it will help prevent root binding, which can occur in potted trees.
Next, gently remove the tree from the plastic container, being careful to keep the soil around the roots intact. You can do this by supporting the base of the tree with one hand while gently pulling on the stem with the other. If the roots are healthy and intact, they should hold the soil together, forming a rough ball. Place the tree in the hole, ensuring it is straight and secure.
Backfill the hole around the root mass with compost, gently firming it in place to remove any air pockets. Take care not to bank the soil up over the collar or graft union of the tree, as this can cause rotting. Finally, give your newly planted tree a generous watering to help settle the roots and provide necessary moisture.
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Watering and maintenance: Water regularly, especially in hot and dry weather. Protect roots from freezing temperatures and refresh the compost layer annually
Watering is a critical aspect of tree care, and container-grown trees require more frequent watering than trees in the ground. This is because they dry out more quickly and are more susceptible to drought stress. Newly planted trees need regular and consistent watering until their root systems are established, which may take two to three years or longer for large transplanted trees. During hot and dry weather, it is crucial to water your container-grown trees regularly and thoroughly.
To check if your tree needs watering, insert a finger or a tool like a hand trowel into the soil – if it resists penetration, it's time to water. Avoid frequent, light watering, as this does not allow water to reach the root system effectively. Instead, opt for deep watering at wider intervals, such as once a week. You can do this by letting a garden hose run slowly at the dripline of the tree for about five minutes at medium pressure, which will provide around ten gallons of water.
In addition to regular watering, protecting the roots of your container-grown trees from freezing temperatures is essential. Tree roots are less cold-hardy than the rest of the tree, and they may die when temperatures drop below freezing, as they are unable to absorb water from frozen soil. Choose trees that are hardy enough to withstand temperature extremes and ensure the container is as wide as it is high to provide insulation for the roots.
Finally, annual maintenance of your container-grown tree involves refreshing the compost layer. Remove the loose, dry topsoil and replace it with fresh, compost-enriched soil each spring. This will provide your tree with the nutrients it needs to thrive.
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Frequently asked questions
You should consider the mature size of the tree to ensure that the container is large enough to accommodate it. Avoid fast-growing, large, or vigorous trees, as they will eventually start to look leggy as they struggle in a small root space. Dwarf cultivars are good candidates for containers.
First, select a tree suitable for container planting. Then, grab a shovel, gloves, a small bag of mulch, and a pocket knife. Choose where to plant your tree, avoiding obstacles like sidewalks and power lines. Dig a hole about three to four times as wide as the container with sloping sides. Lay your tree’s container on its side and tap to loosen the roots. Gently remove the tree and try to keep the soil around the roots intact. Backfill around the root mass with compost, gently firming it to remove any air pockets. Take care not to bank the soil up over the collar or graft union of the tree, as this can cause rotting. Finally, give your tree a generous soaking of water.
Trees planted in containers tend to dry out much quicker than trees growing in the ground, so a good watering regime is essential. Learn how much water your tree needs and how to avoid overwatering. Keep your trees in shape by following pruning practices. Give your tree a boost by refreshing the top layer of compost annually in the spring.
