
Plastic recycling is a confusing topic, and it's not always easy to know what can and can't be recycled. In 2018, only 8.7% of the 35 million tons of plastic generated in the US was recycled. While recycling alone can't solve the waste problem, it is believed to be a vital piece of an overall strategy that includes reducing packaging and replacing disposables with reusable alternatives. This strategy can help conserve natural resources, reduce waste, save energy, and create jobs. So, how can we recycle small pieces of plastic?
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Plastic bottles | Can be recycled, but rinse out the bottle and twist the cap back on before placing it in the recycling bin. Flattening the bottle is not necessary. |
| Plastic containers | May be recycled, check with your local recycler. |
| Plastic bags | Can be recycled, but not in your household bin. Retail and grocery stores often accept these for recycling. |
| Plastic wraps | Can be recycled, but not in your household bin. Retail and grocery stores often accept these for recycling. |
| Plastic utensils | Cannot be recycled. |
| Compostable plastic | Cannot be recycled, but check with your local government for any drop-off locations. |
| Biobased plastic | Check the product's label for disposal options. |
| Plastic products | Look for products made with recycled plastic. |
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What You'll Learn
- Check local recycling programs to see what plastic can be recycled in your area
- Plastic bottle caps can be recycled, but check with your local facility to see if they want them on or off
- Plastic bags and wraps can be recycled and often become decking or fences
- Plastic grocery bags can be recycled at many grocery and retail stores
- Plastic products with food residue cannot be recycled

Check local recycling programs to see what plastic can be recycled in your area
It is important to check your local recycling programs to understand what plastic can be recycled in your area. Recycling programs vary from community to community, and your local program may have different rules about what can be recycled.
The first step is to check your community's website or distributed information. This is often the best place to find specific information on what plastics can be recycled in your area. Some communities may also have specific drop-off locations for certain types of plastic, such as compostable biobased plastics or plastic bags and wrap/film. Retail and grocery stores often accept these materials for recycling. You can also look for the How2Recycle Store Drop-off label on flexible polyethylene-based plastics, which indicates that the packaging can be dropped off at certain stores for recycling. However, it is important to ensure that any plastic packaging is clean and dry before placing it in the recycling bin.
Additionally, some localities may have different acceptance rates for certain types of plastic. For example, very few localities accept styrofoam in curbside recycling, but there may be specific drop-off locations for this material. You can also check for symbols on plastic products that indicate the type of plastic used, which can help you determine if it can be recycled in your local program.
By checking your local recycling programs and following their specific guidelines, you can ensure that you are properly recycling plastic and contributing to a more sustainable future.
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Plastic bottle caps can be recycled, but check with your local facility to see if they want them on or off
Plastic bottle caps are a tricky item to recycle due to their small size and the different types of materials used in their production. They are often made from a different type of plastic resin than the bottles they secure, which can make them difficult to separate and process, leading to contamination at recycling centers. This means that some local recycling programs may not accept them, so it is important to check with your local facility to see if they can be recycled in your area.
If your local facility does accept plastic bottle caps for recycling, you may be required to keep them on the bottles or take them off before recycling. There are valid reasons for both approaches. Leaving the caps on can help to ensure that no liquid remains in the bottle, but it can also cause safety issues as the caps may fly off at high speeds when the bottles are crushed for transport. Additionally, the different types of plastic used for the caps and bottles may need to be separated for effective recycling.
To find out if your local facility accepts plastic bottle caps and whether they prefer them to be left on or taken off, you can try several methods. You can contact your local recycling program directly and inquire about their policies. You can also search online for plastic bottle cap recycling locations in your area, such as through Earth911.com. Some facilities may even have this information on their websites. It is worth noting that these rules can change, so it is recommended to check regularly for updates.
If your local facility does not accept plastic bottle caps for recycling, there are still ways to ensure they are properly disposed of. You can try contacting companies or organizations that specialize in recycling plastic caps, such as Green Tree Plastics in the USA or Lids for Kids in Australia. Alternatively, you can collect and drop off metal caps at a metal scrap yard, as they may have a higher chance of being recycled. Properly disposing of plastic bottle caps is essential to help minimize the amount of plastic in the environment and protect wildlife.
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Plastic bags and wraps can be recycled and often become decking or fences
Plastic bags and wraps are recycled differently than bottles and containers. They are not accepted in most curbside recycling bins and can gum up the works at recycling facilities. Plastic bags need to be ripped open and discarded. However, they can be recycled at participating retail store recycling bins. Retail and grocery stores often accept these materials for recycling.
There are thousands of retail stores and drop-off centers across the US that accept plastic film packaging for recycling. The largest recycler of plastic bags/wraps is Trex, which makes composite decking from recycled grocery bags. A 500-square-foot composite Trex deck contains about 140,000 recycled plastic bags.
After collection, the flexible plastic is baled and sold to independent companies. Then, the process of turning these PE films into tiny plastic pellets begins. These pellets can become synthetic lumber for decking, fences, or park benches. They might also be recycled directly into another film, pouch, or bag form.
To recycle your plastic bags and wraps, ensure they are clean and dry. Remove any food residue, labels, or other materials like tape and paper. Check with your local municipality to find out where you can drop off your plastic bags and wraps for recycling.
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Plastic grocery bags can be recycled at many grocery and retail stores
However, many local grocery stores will accept plastic bags for recycling. Most drop-off bag collections accept polyethylene film, including high-density polyethylene (HDPE or #2 plastic) and low-density polyethylene (#4 plastic or LDPE). This includes plastic shopping bags from any store, as long as they are clean and dry.
Some other plastic items that are less likely to be recyclable include crinkly plastic bags, such as pre-washed salad bags, chip bags, and cereal box liners. These are made from different types of plastics. Rigid plastics, like gallon milk containers, are more easily recycled by machine.
After collection, the flexible plastic is baled and sold to independent companies. The bales of plastic are then turned into tiny plastic pellets, which can be used to make synthetic lumber for decking or park benches, or recycled into another film, pouch, or bag form.
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Plastic products with food residue cannot be recycled
It is important to note that not all plastic is widely recyclable. Some types of plastic, such as bioplastics, composite plastic, plastic-coated wrapping paper, and polycarbonate, are generally non-recyclable. Additionally, certain plastic products, like thin bags or films, can clog recycling machinery if not separated properly, which is why they are often not accepted in kerbside collections.
Before recycling plastic, it is crucial to ensure that it is clean and dry. This is especially important for flexible polyethylene-based plastics, such as high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), which can be recycled through store drop-off programs. However, even with proper cleaning, some plastic products with food residue may still be challenging to recycle due to the nature of the contamination.
To recycle small pieces of plastic, it is recommended to check with local recycling programs or waste management providers, as accepted materials can vary by location. Some communities may have specific drop-off locations or programs for certain types of plastic, such as compostable plastic or biobased plastic. It is also important to sort plastics according to their resin type, which can be identified by the resin identification code, usually a number from 1 to 7 enclosed in a triangle.
While recycling plastic is essential for environmental reasons, it is just one part of the solution. The market for recycled plastic faces challenges, and the infrastructure for efficient selection and recycling may not be available in all areas. Additionally, the production and use of plastic contribute significantly to environmental pollution, with only a small percentage of plastic being recycled globally.
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Frequently asked questions
Check with your local recycling program to find out which types of plastic they accept. Look for the How2Recycle Store Drop-off label on flexible polyethylene-based plastics.
Plastic bottle caps, plastic film, food service trays, plastic grocery bags, dry cleaning bags, bread bags, produce bags, zipper bags, shipping pillows, and plastic wraps from around products such as water bottles, diapers, napkins, and bathroom tissue.
Retail and grocery stores often accept these materials for recycling. You can also look for public recycling bins at public parks, sports stadiums, and beaches.
Rinse out the containers before putting them in the bin. Some facilities prefer that you keep the caps on, while others prefer that you take them off. Check with your local facility to see what they prefer.
The plastic is sorted by type and shape at a material recovery facility. Then, it is compressed into bales and sold to companies that reuse the material for manufacturing other goods.









































