Omar Khalid
If you live in an older home, it's likely that you have galvanized pipes. These pipes were standard in residential plumbing from the 1930s to the 1980s. Over time, galvanized pipes corrode, leading to issues such as discoloured water, leaks, low water pressure, and odd tastes or smells. If you notice these problems, it's probably time to replace your galvanized pipes. The most common replacement option is PEX piping, made from flexible, durable, and high-density polyethylene. While repiping can be expensive, it's important to consider the potential cost savings from preventing future leaks and water damage.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Reasons for replacement | Rust around pipe joints, brownish water, low water pressure, leaking pipes, uneven water distribution, odd taste or smell, recurrent plumbing problems, corrosion, old age |
| Replacement pipes | Copper, PEX, PVC |
| Cost | $6,000 to $10,000 for a house with three bathrooms |
| Time | Three to six days for a crew of three experienced plumbers |
| DIY | Possible, but challenging due to the need to access pipes behind walls |
| Electrical safety | Removing the pipe can cause safety issues for the electrical system |
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What You'll Learn
Signs it's time to replace galvanized pipes
Galvanized pipes are made of steel with a coating of zinc to prevent rusting. Over time, however, the zinc coating breaks down, allowing water to sit against the steel and causing corrosion. This corrosion leads to several issues that indicate it's time to replace your galvanized pipes.
One of the most common signs of galvanized pipe deterioration is a decrease in water pressure. This issue is caused by corrosion building up inside the pipes, restricting water flow. If you notice that your water pressure has slowly reduced over time, it's likely that your galvanized pipes are corroded and need to be replaced.
Another telltale sign is discoloured water. If you notice brownish or cloudy water when you first turn on the faucet in the morning or after a vacation, it could indicate rust and corrosion in your galvanized pipes. This discolouration is a result of the rust and corrosion particles mixing with your water supply.
Visible signs of rust or large lumpy growths around pipe joints and connections are also clear indications that your galvanized pipes need replacement. The formation of rust indicates that the zinc coating has worn away, exposing the steel to moisture and oxygen, resulting in oxidation.
Additionally, if your galvanized pipes are leaking or showing signs of potential failure, such as small cracks or deformities, it's crucial to replace them. Leaks can cause water damage to your home, and a burst pipe can lead to significant flooding.
The lifespan of galvanized pipes is typically estimated to be between 40 and 100 years. If your home was built before 1990, especially before 1970, there is a higher likelihood that your galvanized pipes have reached the end of their lifespan and require replacement.
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How to connect plastic to galvanized pipe
Plastic pipes, such as PVC, have been a popular choice for replacing galvanized pipes in recent years. This is due to their low cost and durability.
If you are looking to replace galvanized pipes with plastic pipes, it is recommended to hire a professional plumber. However, if you are attempting this task yourself, it is important to understand the process and have the necessary tools and materials.
Firstly, you will need to cut the galvanized pipe to the appropriate size. It is recommended to cut the pipe higher and reduce it to a suitable size for the plastic pipe. For example, you can cut the galvanized pipe to 1-1/2" and join it with a 2" plastic pipe using a rubber coupling. This coupling should be "shielded", meaning it has metal armour over the coupling and clamps. You can also use pipe thread tape and pipe dope to ensure a leak-free connection.
Another method is to use male and female fittings. Apply pipe thread tape before screwing the fittings together, and then glue the pipes into the fittings using the appropriate cement. Ensure that the water flows past the threads on the male fitting, not into them.
Additionally, you can use a plastic shim material to fill the gap between the pipes. Use PVC cement to bond the shim to the inside of the plastic pipe, creating a tight fit. Clean and sand down the area, and then use epoxy adhesive to fill any remaining spaces. Finally, place the coupling over the entire area to block leaks.
It is important to note that glue should not be used for PVC-to-metal connections as it can cause cracks and leaks. Instead, use threaded connections, with plastic male threads linking to female threads on the metal pipe.
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Cost of replacing galvanized pipes
Replacing galvanized pipes can cost anywhere from a few thousand dollars to $15,000, depending on the extent of the replacement and the materials used. The cost to repipe a house is generally between $1,500 and $15,000, with the average homeowner spending around $7,500. The price per linear foot of piping ranges from $0.40 to $8, with copper being the most expensive option and PEX (plastic pipe) being the cheapest.
The cost of replacing galvanized pipes also depends on the accessibility of the plumbing. For example, if the pipes are located in attics, basements, or behind walls, the labour costs will be higher as it will take longer for plumbers to access and replace the pipes. In some cases, a contractor may need to be hired to repair any damage caused by accessing the pipes, such as removing drywall or parts of the ceiling, which can cost between $300 and $1,000.
Other factors that can affect the cost of replacing galvanized pipes include the size of the home, the layout, and the presence of water features. Replumbing an upstairs bathroom, for example, may require removing the ceiling of the room below, which will increase the cost. Replacing pipes for a tiled-in tub or shower can also be more expensive if it requires cutting through an exterior wall due to today's insulation standards.
It is important to note that galvanized pipes have a life expectancy of 40 to 50 years, and if your home was built before 1990, it is likely that your galvanized pipes have serious corrosion and need to be replaced. Some signs that indicate your galvanized pipes need replacement include rust around pipe joints, low water pressure, and discoloured water.
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Plastic pipe materials
PVC pipes are easily recognizable and affordable, but they can warp in extreme heat, and underground soil conditions can cause severe damage. CPVC pipes (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) are a variation of PVC that can withstand hotter temperatures.
PEX pipes, on the other hand, are known for their durability and flexibility. They are also less prone to corrosion than other materials, such as copper. PEX is a popular choice for plumbing due to its longevity and ability to withstand a wide range of temperatures.
When replacing galvanized pipes with plastic pipes, it is important to consider the size and compatibility of the pipes. For example, if you are connecting PVC to galvanized pipes, you may need to use a rubber coupling or an ad-hoc plastic shim to ensure a tight fit and prevent leaks.
The cost of replacing galvanized pipes with plastic pipes can vary depending on the size and complexity of the project. It is recommended to consult with a professional plumber to ensure proper installation and avoid potential issues.
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DIY or hire a professional?
Replacing galvanized pipes with plastic pipes is a complex process and one should consider their comfort level, budget, and the complexity of the repair before deciding to DIY or hire a professional.
If you are considering doing it yourself, you must be aware of the risks of improper installation and further pipe damage. Severe damage requiring sewer line repair, such as blocked drains, collapses, or shifts, likely exceeds the scope of DIY capabilities and demands professional equipment, skills, and experience. Additionally, attempting DIY pipe relining in some countries, such as Australia, brings significant legal risks without proper training and certifications.
On the other hand, hiring a professional can be more expensive upfront. However, it may be a worthwhile investment considering the potential for future savings by avoiding mistakes. Professionals take extensive precautions against property damage, which can lead to massive long-term expenses. They are also able to identify all underlying issues and deliver reliable, long-lasting solutions.
If you decide to replace the galvanized pipes yourself, here are the general steps you can follow:
- Identify a potential break and mark the area.
- Cut out a square patch of turf where the suspected leak is and set it aside.
- Gently dig around the marked area to expose the damaged pipe, being careful not to cause further damage or cut other utility lines.
- Turn off the water supply to the system to prevent unexpected water flow and potential damage.
- Measure the length of the damaged section to determine how much replacement pipe you will need.
- Cut out the damaged section with PVC pipe cutters, measuring twice and cutting once to ensure accuracy.
- Prepare the new pipe by measuring and cutting a section that matches the length of the section you removed.
- Heat one end of the new pipe with a small propane torch to make it more pliable and easier to work with.
If you decide to hire a professional, you can expect them to arrive, assess the situation, and fix the issue within a couple of hours. They will also be able to identify and address any potential issues, preventing future leaks and ensuring your system runs smoothly for years.
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Frequently asked questions
The most common indicators that your galvanized pipes need replacing are discoloured water (brown, red or yellow), leaks, low water pressure, odd taste or smell, and frequent plumbing issues.
You can replace galvanized pipes with copper, PEX or PVC piping. PEX is a popular choice as it is made from flexible, durable, high-density polyethylene.
The cost of replacing galvanized pipes can vary. For a house with three bathrooms, the cost of plumbing work alone can range from $6,000 to $10,000. Additional expenses may arise from repairing and repainting walls, ceilings and floors.
The lifespan of galvanized pipes is typically estimated to be between 20 and 50 years, but they can last up to 80 to 100 years.
