Maya Ellison
Plastic water lines can be replaced using a variety of methods, depending on the type of pipe and the nature of the problem. For example, if there is a leak, it is recommended to shut off the water supply and call a professional. If you are considering installing new water lines, it is important to research the types of pipes, skills, and tools required. Most homeowners call a plumbing specialist for this type of work, but it is possible to do it yourself with the right knowledge and equipment.
Characteristics and Values Table for Replacing Plastic Water Lines
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| When to replace | If there are frequent leaks, discolouration, or debris in the water |
| Pipe options | Copper, PEX, CPVC |
| Plastic pipe cons | Prone to rodent damage, sizing issues, not as durable as copper |
| Plastic pipe pros | Inexpensive, flexible, easy to cut and join with copper |
| Repair process | Locate shut-off valve, turn off, relieve water pressure, cut and replace pipe |
| Repair tools | Hacksaw, sandpaper, PVC/CPVC cement, coupler, fittings |
| Repair time | 30 minutes to an hour |
| DIY or professional | DIY possible but research and tools required; professionals recommended |
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What You'll Learn
When to replace plastic water lines
Plastic water lines, such as those made from PVC, are durable yet affordable and easy to install. However, they are more prone to cracking and typically last around 5 to 8 years. Therefore, it is important to know when to replace them to prevent leaks and water damage.
One clear sign that your plastic water line needs replacing is visible corrosion or rust on the line. Corrosion can lead to leaks if not addressed, and leaks can cause extensive water damage. If you notice water gathering around the bottom of your toilet or an unusually high water bill, this could indicate a leaking water supply line. Bulging or bubbling on the line are also signs of weakened material that could burst at any time.
Other warning signs include sudden drops in water pressure and hearing water running through the pipes when the water is not turned on. Additionally, if your plastic water line is more than ten years old, it is recommended to have it inspected by a professional as it may be nearing the end of its lifespan. Regular inspections by a plumbing professional are advised, at least once every two years, to identify any issues early on.
It is worth noting that plastic water pipes are susceptible to damage by rodents, which may be a concern if you live in a rural area. In such cases, it may be preferable to consider alternative materials, such as copper pipes, which are more resistant to damage and have a longer lifespan.
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How to repair a leak
If you have a leak in your plastic water line, there are several ways to repair it, depending on the type of pipe and the location of the leak. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to repair a leak in a plastic water line:
Locate the Leak and Shut Off the Water:
Find the shut-off valve for the section of the pipe that is leaking and turn it off. Make sure you know exactly where the leak is before turning off the water. There may be leaks in multiple places.
Drain the Pipes and Prepare the Area:
Open a faucet connected to the leaking pipe to relieve water pressure and drain the pipes. Ensure that the area around the leak is clean and dry so that any epoxy putty or glue will adhere properly to the pipe.
Apply Epoxy Putty or Glue:
For a temporary fix, you can use plumbing epoxy putty. Clean and sand the area around the leak to create a rough surface for better adhesion. Knead the putty until it is pliable, then apply it to the pipe. After it has cured, turn on the water and check for leaks.
Alternatively, you can use PVC or CPVC cement to glue the pipes back together. Spread the cement on the ends of the pipes and on the inside of a coupler. Slide the coupler onto the pipe, twist it slightly, and hold it for about 10 seconds until the cement dries.
Reassemble the Pipes:
Cut the pipes needed to reassemble the section that was removed and dry-fit them with the necessary fittings. If using copper pipes, you will need to solder the joints.
Turn On the Water and Check for Leaks:
After the repairs are complete, turn on the water supply and check for leaks. Run water into the drain and inspect the repaired area for any signs of moisture or leaks.
If you are uncomfortable with any of these steps or the repair seems too complex, it is best to contact a professional plumber to assist you.
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Joining plastic sections
Step 1: Cut and Prepare the Pipes
Use a hacksaw, PVC cutter, or a special plastic pipe saw to cut the pipes to the desired length. Smooth the cut ends with a file or sandpaper to remove any burrs or uneven surfaces. This step is important to ensure a tight and secure fit for the joints.
Step 2: Apply Primer (if needed)
Apply a thin coat of PVC primer to the ends of the pipes and the inside of the fittings. The primer cleans the surfaces and prepares them for the application of solvent cement. Allow the primer to dry for about 10 seconds.
Step 3: Apply Solvent Cement
Spread an even layer of solvent PVC cement on the ends of the pipes and the inside of the fittings. Work quickly, as you only have a few seconds to align the pieces before the cement starts to set.
Step 4: Join the Pipes and Fittings
Push the fitting onto the end of the pipe and give it a quarter turn. Hold the pieces firmly in this position for about 30 seconds. For PEX tubing, place a crimp ring onto the pipe, then slide in the fitting, and use a crimping tool to secure it in place.
Step 5: Allow Drying Time
Before turning on the water supply, ensure that the cement is completely dry. This typically takes around 30 minutes. Do not turn on the water supply if the glue hasn't dried, as water pressure can force the joint apart.
Additional Tips:
- If you are working with dissimilar pipes, such as connecting CPVC to copper, consider using union adapters or a dielectric union to prevent issues due to different expansion and contraction rates.
- Push fittings are another versatile and easy-to-use option for joining plastic pipes. Simply push the end of the tubing into the fitting until it seats. No soldering, solvent welding, or crimping tools are needed.
- Always ensure you have proper ventilation when working with PVC primer and cement, as the solvent vapors can be dangerous to your health.
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Using copper vs plastic
When considering whether to use copper or plastic pipes, there are several factors to take into account. Copper is the gold standard for water piping, offering a reliable alternative to plastic and galvanised pipes. Copper stands up against leaks, doesn't add pollutants to water, and has a long lifespan. It is also naturally antimicrobial, preventing the growth of harmful organisms. Copper is also highly durable, resistant to corrosion, and can withstand extreme temperatures, pressures, UV exposure, and oxygen.
However, copper is more expensive than plastic, and older homes with copper pipes may have used lead solder to join the pipes, causing safety concerns. Copper is also a reactive metal, so with minerals and an acidic pH in the water, copper can corrode as badly as steel.
Plastic pipes, such as PEX, are a more affordable option, and they are easier to install than copper. PEX pipes are also flexible, but they are not as durable as copper and are more susceptible to contamination. Plastic pipes are also not UV-resistant, and they can be damaged by sunlight, so they are not suitable for outdoor use. Additionally, rodents may chew on plastic pipes, causing leaks, so they may not be ideal in rural areas.
Both copper and plastic pipes have their advantages and disadvantages, and the best choice depends on specific needs and budget. Plastic pipes are a more affordable and flexible option, while copper pipes offer superior durability, resistance to corrosion, and antimicrobial properties.
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Hiring a plumber
While it is possible to replace plastic water lines yourself, it is recommended that you hire a professional plumber to do the work. Many towns and cities prohibit messing with a water line without the help of a professional plumber.
If you notice frequent leaks, an orange colour, or chunks of orange debris in your water, you should call a plumber to come out and inspect your water lines.
Before hiring a plumber, you can dig the trench yourself to save on costs. Ask the plumber for a quote for the pipe replacement, and fill the trench back in yourself. You can also hire day labourers to dig the trench for you.
When hiring a plumber, ask for a quote and check if they are licensed and insured. It is also a good idea to get multiple quotes from different plumbers before making a decision.
The cost of water line repairs varies depending on the type of piping and the extent of the repairs. Repairs on plastic piping typically range from $.50 to $2 per linear foot, while underground repairs can cost around $100 to $200 per linear foot. If a complete water line replacement is needed, the cost can be upwards of $3,500.
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