Ethan Clarke
Smoothing 3D-printed plastic parts offers several advantages, including the ability to print at higher layer heights and temperatures, saving time and preventing jams. There are several methods to smooth 3D-printed plastic, with the most popular materials being PLA and ABS. While ABS is easier to smooth using acetone, PLA is more challenging but can be smoothed using various solvents, including isopropyl alcohol, or methods such as sanding and polishing. The choice of method depends on various factors, including model size, detail level, and time availability.
Characteristics and Values Table for Smoothing 3D-Printed Plastic
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Materials | PLA, ABS |
| Techniques | Solvent Smoothing, Sanding and Polishing, Acetone Vapor Smoothing, Resin Coating, Isopropyl Alcohol Smoothing |
| Tools | Heat Gun, Methylene Chloride Steam, Acetone, Resin (XTC-3D brand), Isopropyl Alcohol |
| Benefits | Improved Appearance, Increased Mechanical Strength, Higher Layer Heights, Time Saving, Enhanced Finish |
| Considerations | Model Size, Detail Complexity, Hard-to-Reach Areas, Color Preservation, Time Investment |
| Brands | Simplify3D, Ultimaker 2+, XTC-3D, Polymaker (Polysmooth) |
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What You'll Learn
Smoothing PLA 3D prints with solvents
Smoothing PLA 3D prints can be achieved through various methods, including sanding, coating, and solvent smoothing. While PLA is not ideally suited for solvent smoothing, there are certain chemicals that can be used for this purpose. It is important to note that some of these chemicals can be dangerous and require proper protective equipment and ventilation.
One method of solvent smoothing PLA prints is to use a cloth or cotton swab to apply ethyl acetate, which is commonly found in nail polish remover. This method is relatively safe and effective, but it may be limited in its ability to smooth the PLA surface. For a more aggressive approach, experienced users may opt for chemicals like tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, or chloroform. These substances are challenging to obtain and pose significant safety risks, so they should be handled with nitrile gloves, protective eyewear, and fume hoods in a well-ventilated environment.
Another option for solvent smoothing is to use isopropyl alcohol, which can be brushed or sprayed onto the PLA surface. The effectiveness of this method depends on the specific PLA formulation. A safer alternative is to use Polymaker's Polysmooth PLA, which is specifically designed to be smoothed with alcohol. Their Polysher machine creates an alcohol mist that gently removes the top layer of the print, resulting in a smoother finish.
A different chemical approach to smoothing PLA prints is to use an airtight container and place the 3D-printed part inside along with paper soaked in dichloromethane. This technique is similar to the process used for smoothing ABS pieces with acetone. While effective, it is important to note that acetone is not typically recommended for smoothing PLA, as it is more commonly used for ABS prints.
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Using acetone vapour
Acetone vapour smoothing is a popular technique to smooth 3D-printed plastics, especially ABS. It is a quick, simple, and adaptable method to achieve a professional, glossy finish. It involves exposing the 3D-printed part to acetone vapours, which melt the outermost layer of plastic, causing it to smooth out and blend together. This process is often preferred over other methods like using a brush or submerging the part in acetone, as it yields a more even surface finish.
To prepare your 3D-printed model for acetone vapour smoothing, start by sanding it with a clean file to remove any majorly coarse surfaces, including those with supports. Remove any support structures, small pimples, and blobs, and clean the model well. It is important to note that acetone vapour smoothing may not be suitable for parts with fine features, as these can melt and blend together, causing a loss of detail.
Next, you will need a container to act as a smoothing chamber. This can be a glass or plastic jar with a flat top, preferably glass for better visibility. Ensure the container is large enough to accommodate the model and allow the vapours to circulate freely. Place a base inside the container, such as aluminium foil, a wooden brick, or a metal piece, to prevent the model from sticking to the bottom and provide support.
Now, pour a small amount of acetone into the container. You can also soak paper towels in acetone and place them in the jar, ensuring they don't touch the model. Close the jar tightly to prevent the vapours from escaping. If using a plastic container, avoid sealing it completely to prevent pressure build-up. You can use a light plastic plate with a few tiny holes to cover the top.
Finally, leave the model in the container and monitor the smoothing process. The time required will vary depending on the size of the model, the amount of acetone, and other factors. Keep an eye on the model, and when it looks smooth enough, carefully remove it from the container, being careful not to touch the acetone or the model directly. Place the model in a well-ventilated area to dry, which can take a few hours to a couple of days.
Always work in a well-ventilated area when using acetone, and wear appropriate safety gear, including protective eyewear, closed shoes, and nitrile gloves.
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Smoothing with isopropyl alcohol
Smoothing 3D-printed plastic with isopropyl alcohol is a popular method, especially for those who want smooth parts without a complicated process. It is a much safer alternative to acetone or methylene chloride, which are commonly used to smooth ABS prints.
The process involves using a type of PLA plastic, such as Polymaker's Polysmooth, which is specifically designed to be soluble in isopropyl alcohol. This alcohol can be applied directly to the model, dissolving the filament slightly and giving it a smooth and shiny finish. Alternatively, isopropyl alcohol can be applied through steam, either using a simple airtight container and paper soaked in the alcohol, or a purpose-built steam chamber for more professional results.
It is worth noting that the process of smoothing with isopropyl alcohol may blur some details and create a shiny finish that some may not prefer. Sanding and painting, for example, can be a good alternative or additional process to achieve a smooth and matte finish.
Overall, smoothing 3D-printed plastic with isopropyl alcohol is an effective method, especially when using PLA plastic designed for this purpose. It offers a safer and less complicated process compared to other chemical solvents, making it a popular choice for those seeking to smooth their 3D-printed parts.
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Sanding and polishing
When sanding, it is important to start with a lower grit sandpaper and gradually move to a higher grit. For VeroBlack printed parts, it is recommended to start with 100 grit sandpaper for wet sanding and then move to 300 grit sandpaper. The final sanding can be done with 600 fine grit sandpaper to achieve a fully smooth surface.
For PLA prints, you can use a variety of solvents for smoothing, such as pyridine, benzene, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, dichloromethane, chloroform, or acetonitrile. Tetrahydrofuran (THF) is a good option due to its low boiling point and relatively low hazardousness. Another option is to use isopropyl alcohol, which is less dangerous than acetone or methylene chloride. You can apply it directly or through steam.
After sanding, you can further smooth the surface by polishing it. Polishing compounds can be used to create a smooth finish. This process may involve using a polishing wheel or cloth to apply the compound evenly across the surface. Finally, the object can be painted to achieve the desired colour and finish.
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Using a heat gun
Before using a heat gun, you should remove any excess material and support structures with a utility knife. You may also want to sand down your piece to remove ridges and excess material. These steps will make the smoothing process easier and help you avoid having to reshape melted plastic.
When using a heat gun, it is important to move the gun evenly across the surface of the plastic to ensure consistent heating. Alternatively, you can place the plastic on a turntable or revolving platter and keep the heat gun steady. This method is especially useful for medium-sized or large parts without fine features or hollow sections.
Achieving optimal results when smoothing 3D-printed plastic with a heat gun requires patience, attention to detail, and adherence to best practices. It is important to maintain precise temperature control and avoid overheating, which can cause warping or melting. If you notice the plastic getting too warm, let it cool for a few moments before continuing.
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Frequently asked questions
PLA, or polylactic acid, is the most widely used material for 3D printing. It is often preferred over other materials like ABS due to its ability to be smoothed out using various methods and techniques.
There are several ways to smooth 3D printed PLA, including using solvents such as pyridine, benzene, ethyl acetate, or dichloromethane. Another method is to use a heat gun, although this may not always yield the best results.
The best method depends on various factors, including the size of the model, the level of detail, the presence of hard-to-reach areas, and the desired preservation of the original colour. One popular method is to use a type of PLA called Polysmooth, which is soluble in isopropyl alcohol, a safer alternative to other solvents.
Yes, an alternative method is to use a steam chamber, such as the one developed by Polymaker, which smooths out the PLA in a professional and consistent manner.
