Maya Ellison
Waxing plastic frames is a common practice in beekeeping. The process involves coating plastic foundation sheets or frames with beeswax to make them more acceptable to honeybees. This guide will explore the different methods and techniques used by beekeepers to apply wax to plastic frames, including the benefits and potential challenges of each approach. By the end of this guide, you should have a comprehensive understanding of how to wax coat plastic frames effectively and safely.
Characteristics and Values of Wax Coating Plastic Frames
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Purpose | To make the frames acceptable by honeybees, encouraging them to take to the frames faster |
| Wax Type | 100% natural beeswax is recommended |
| Wax Temperature | Should be heated to melting point but not too hot, as this can cause uneven layers or make it difficult to build up wax along the cell walls |
| Application Method | Brushing, dipping, or rolling; brushing is the most common method, using quick strokes with minimum pressure to avoid unevenness |
| Number of Coats | Multiple coats are often applied to build up the wax layer; one source mentions 4-5 layers |
| Work Location | Outdoors, due to the flammability of wax and to avoid messes |
| Workstation Setup | All plastic foundation pieces should be ready in a neat pile near the workstation |
| Safety Precautions | Heat-related injuries, scalding, and burns are risks that should be mitigated |
| Frame Temperature | Frames should be warmed before waxing to accept coating better, but not too much to avoid warping |
| Frame Handling | Avoid bending the sheet after waxing to prevent wax separation |
| Frame Position | Flip the frame over to coat both sides, as bees will draw comb on one side and neglect the other if left uncoated |
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What You'll Learn
Preparing the wax
To melt the wax, you will need a heat source. Some common options include a crockpot, a stove, or a propane burner. It is important to use a heat source that is not too hot, as you do not want the wax to burn. Many people use a double boiler system, where a container of wax is placed in a larger container of boiling water, to gently melt the wax. This method helps to prevent the wax from getting too hot and can be achieved by using a metal mixing bowl or cake pan placed in a larger pan of water.
Once you have your heat source set up, you will need to add your wax. It is recommended to use 100% natural beeswax for coating plastic frames. You will need approximately one pound of beeswax for every 100 frames, so adjust the amount of wax accordingly.
When the wax is melted, you can test the temperature by dipping a brush into it. If the wax is too hot, it will be difficult to work with and may not adhere properly to the frames. The ideal temperature for the wax is slightly cooler than the melting point, as this will allow it to build up on the frames without running into the cells.
Before applying the wax to the frames, it is important to warm the plastic foundation. This can be done by leaving the frames in the sunshine for a few minutes or by subjecting them to a blast of warm air. Warming the foundation helps the beeswax coat better and prevents the wax from cooling and solidifying too quickly. However, be careful not to apply too much heat, as this can cause the plastic to warp or lose its shape.
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Preparing the plastic frames
Firstly, it is important to work outdoors when coating your plastic frames with wax. Wax is highly flammable, and working outdoors minimises the risk of accidents. It is also advisable to work in temperatures around 70°F (21°C). Additionally, you should ensure your work area is well-ventilated to prevent the buildup of potentially harmful fumes.
The next step is to gather your materials and equipment. You will need a heat source, such as a propane burner, to melt your wax. Use a large pan with about an inch of water, and place a smaller metal container inside to melt your wax. This double-boiler method helps to regulate the temperature and prevent the wax from getting too hot. You can also use a crockpot or a paint roller pan with simmering water to melt your wax.
For the wax itself, it is recommended to use 100% natural beeswax. You will need enough wax to coat your desired number of frames adequately. As a guide, one pound of beeswax can coat over 100 frames, but this will depend on the thickness of the desired coating.
To apply the wax, you can use a brush or a roller. Foam brushes and rollers are commonly used, with sizes ranging from 2.5 inches to 3 inches. You can also use a chip brush or a cheap disposable brush, as the wax application process can be messy. If you are using a brush, have some extra wax nearby to dip the brush into as needed.
Before applying the wax, prepare your plastic frames by ensuring they are clean and dry. Warm the frames slightly to help the wax adhere better. This can be done by leaving them in the sun for a few minutes, placing them in a warm cupboard, or subjecting them to a gentle blast of warm air. Be careful not to overheat the frames, as they may lose their shape.
Once your frames are prepared and your wax is melted, you are ready to begin the wax coating process. Place your frames within easy reach of your workstation, and ensure you have all the necessary safety equipment, such as heat-resistant gloves and eye protection.
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Applying the wax
Another method is to dip the frames directly into the melted wax. This can be done by heating the wax in a large pan with a small metal can inside, which prevents the wax from burning. Once melted, the frames can be dipped into the wax, but be aware that this method may result in more waste.
When applying the wax, it is important to build up the wax along the cell walls, rather than filling the cells themselves. This can take some practice to get right, and it may be helpful to start with horizontal strokes followed by vertical ones. It is also recommended to work outside, as wax can be messy and difficult to remove from indoor surfaces. Additionally, it is important to take safety precautions when working with hot wax to avoid burns or scalding.
Some beekeepers also recommend adding a second coat of wax to the frames. This can be done by hand and helps improve the bees' acceptance of the frames. However, it is important to keep these frames out of direct sunlight, as the wax can melt and make the bees unhappy.
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Drying and curing the wax
Working Environment
It is important to work in a well-ventilated area to avoid inhaling fumes from the melting wax. Working outdoors is ideal, as it prevents wax droplets from making a mess indoors. However, avoid direct sunlight as it can cause the wax to melt and pool in the cells, undoing your hard work. Maintain a comfortable air temperature of around 70°F (21°C) to ensure the wax dries and cures effectively.
Warming the Plastic Foundation
Before applying wax, it is advisable to warm the plastic foundation. This can be achieved by leaving the sheets in the sunshine for a few minutes or subjecting them to a gentle blast of warm air. Avoid excessive heat that could warp or distort the shape of the plastic. Warming the foundation helps the beeswax adhere better and prevents rapid cooling, which can lead to uneven wax distribution.
Applying Wax
When applying wax, use a brush, roller, or your hands. Brushes can be natural or synthetic, such as foam or disposable chip brushes. If using a brush, work quickly with light, slow sweeps to avoid leaving an uneven layer of wax. You can also use a roller, which requires a light touch and some practice to perfect. Alternatively, you may opt for a more hands-on approach by rubbing a chunk of beeswax directly onto the frames.
Drying Process
After applying the wax, allow it to dry completely. Hang the frames vertically in a spare box or a protected area to prevent dust or debris from settling on the wet wax. Avoid exposing the wet wax to water, as it can affect the curing process and the final appearance. The drying time will depend on the temperature and humidity of your working environment.
Curing and Post-Treatment
Once the wax has dried, it will continue to cure and harden over time. You can test the curing process by gently pressing your fingernail into the wax. If it leaves an indentation, the wax is not fully cured. Avoid stacking or handling the frames too roughly during the curing process to prevent damage to the wax coating. After the wax has cured, you may need to reapply wax or make adjustments based on your desired outcome.
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Safety precautions
Waxing plastic frames is a potentially hazardous process, and safety precautions must be taken to prevent injury. Here are some essential safety measures to follow when waxing plastic frames:
Work in a Safe Environment: Choose a well-ventilated area that is away from flammable materials and furnishings. Working outdoors is recommended, as it reduces the risk of wax splatters on indoor surfaces and provides better airflow. Maintain a comfortable air temperature of around 70°F (21°C) to ensure the wax doesn't dry too quickly or become too hot.
Protective Gear: Always wear protective clothing, including long sleeves, gloves, and closed-toe shoes. Safety goggles and a face shield are crucial to protect your eyes and face from hot wax splatters. Consider wearing a respirator or a face mask to avoid inhaling fumes released during the melting process.
Heat Safety: When melting beeswax, use a dedicated heat source or a double boiler to prevent overheating. Do not leave the melting apparatus unattended, as it can get too hot, causing the wax to boil, spit, or spill. Be cautious when handling hot wax to avoid scalding or burns.
Fire Safety: Keep a fire extinguisher or a bucket of water nearby in case of fire. Ensure that your work area is clear of any flammable materials that could ignite. Do not use water to extinguish a wax fire, as it may spread the flames. Instead, use a fire blanket or a Class B dry chemical fire extinguisher.
First Aid: Have a first aid kit readily available in case of burns or injuries. Be familiar with basic first aid procedures for treating burns, and seek medical attention if necessary. Keep a bowl of cool water nearby to immediately cool down any hot wax that may come into contact with your skin.
Clean Workstation: Maintain a tidy workstation to reduce the risk of accidents. Keep your work area free from clutter, and ensure that all tools and equipment are properly stored or secured when not in use. Always clean up any wax spills promptly to prevent slips or fires.
By following these safety precautions, you can help ensure a safe and successful waxing process for your plastic frames. It is important to prioritize your safety and well-being throughout the entire process.
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Frequently asked questions
The best way to wax coat plastic frames is to use a brush to apply melted beeswax. Beeswax can be melted using a crockpot or a double boiler. Once the wax is melted, use quick brush strokes with minimum pressure to apply the wax to the plastic frames.
The amount of beeswax needed will depend on the size and number of frames. A pound of beeswax can coat over 100 frames. For larger frames, you may need up to 3-1/2 pounds of beeswax for 120 medium-sized frames.
It is recommended to use 100% natural beeswax to coat plastic frames. This ensures that the wax is free from impurities or chemical residues.
Yes, it is important to work in a well-ventilated area and avoid indoor spaces as the wax can flick and cause a mess. Additionally, wax is highly flammable, so be cautious when working with heat sources. Always take precautions to prevent burns and scalding from hot wax.
