Plastic Container Recycling: What You Need To Know

Plastic is a material that is widely accepted by recycling programs. However, not all plastics are created equal, and some types of plastic containers are not recyclable with household recycling collections or local recycling drop-offs. It is important to check local recycling programs to understand what is accepted in your area. Some plastics, such as polystyrene foam containers, are not recyclable and must be thrown out. Other types of plastic containers, such as single-use yogurt or fruit cups, are typically accepted by household recycling programs as long as they are clean and empty.

Are plastic containers recyclable?

Single-use plastic containers

The recyclability of plastic containers depends on several factors, including the type of plastic, the recycling infrastructure in your area, and the condition of the container. Most single-use plastic containers, such as yogurt or fruit cups, can be recycled as long as they are clean and empty. However, it's important to check the recycling guidelines and infrastructure in your specific location, as these can vary.

Before placing single-use plastic containers in the recycling bin, it is crucial to ensure they are empty and free of food residue. Leftover food or cleaning solutions on plastic items can contaminate other recyclables, such as paper and cardboard, rendering them unrecyclable. Therefore, it is recommended to give containers a quick wipe or rinse before disposal.

It is worth noting that some types of plastic containers are not recyclable, such as those made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC breaks down into toxic chlorine-containing components and cannot be recycled. Additionally, certain containers with complex designs, such as those with adhesive labels, protective caps, and twistable gears made from different plastics, can challenge the recycling process.

To promote sustainability, it is advisable to reduce the use of single-use plastics and opt for reusable alternatives whenever possible. This can include choosing refillable bottles, reusable packaging, and take-back services. Additionally, local policies and programs that encourage recycling can significantly impact the recyclability of single-use plastic containers.

Plastic bags

In many places, plastic bags are banned from standard recycling bins and must be recycled separately. Some municipalities and retailers provide access to free, drop-off recycling programs, which are often located at grocery stores. National grocery retailers such as Kroger, Safeway, Target, and Walmart offer bag recycling collections in their stores, with bins usually located near the front entrance. Some locations may also offer curbside collection of plastic bags.

It is important to check with your local program to understand the specific requirements for plastic bag recycling in your area. Recycling rules can vary from city to city, and even store to store. For example, some programs only accept plastic bags that are clean, dry, and free of stickers, receipts, and other contaminants. Some programs may also require that all bags are placed inside one larger bag and tied at the top.

It is worth noting that the best way to reduce plastic bag waste is to avoid using them altogether. Reusable cloth bags or sturdy plastic or glass containers can be used as alternatives to plastic bags.

Rigid plastics

Plastic containers are generally recyclable, but there are a few exceptions and specifications to consider. Firstly, it's important to distinguish between rigid plastics and other types of plastics, as the recyclability of each category can vary. Rigid plastics, which include materials like HDPE (high-density polyethylene) and PP (polypropylene), are widely used in non-domestic waste items such as bread crates, pallets, tubs, containers, and buckets. These items are often disposed of by businesses and can have significant value when recycled properly.

The recyclability of rigid plastics depends on several factors, including the specific type of plastic, the shape and size of the item, and the capabilities of local recycling facilities. While some rigid plastics can be recycled at home, others may need to be taken to specialised recycling businesses that accept specific types of plastic waste. It's worth noting that not all county and borough councils are equipped to recycle all types of rigid plastics, which can result in them ending up in landfill waste.

To recycle rigid plastics, they first need to be cleaned and sorted into different polymer types. This sorting process can be done manually, using mechanised automated processes, or even by colour. After sorting, the plastics are typically shredded into flakes and then melted down or chemically broken down into monomers to create new polymers. This process allows rigid plastics to be recycled into a variety of products, including industrial applications such as plastic lumber, park benches, auto parts, and speed bumps.

It's important to handle rigid plastics properly to avoid contamination, which can render them unrecyclable. Food contamination, for example, can make the resins unsuitable for reuse. Additionally, some types of plastic, like polypropylene, can be challenging to recycle due to factors such as the difficulty of removing residual odours and the resulting black or grey colour, which limits their suitability for certain applications. Nevertheless, with proper waste management and recycling infrastructure, we can ensure that all rigid plastics are recycled and diverted from landfills.

Plastic product packaging

However, most single-use plastic containers, such as yogurt or fruit cups, are typically accepted by household recycling programs as long as they are clean and empty. It is important to check local guidelines, as these can vary by location and collector. Some municipalities may accept foam products like cups and egg cartons, while others do not.

When it comes to recycling plastic containers with food residue, it is recommended to clean them before disposal. This can be done by filling the container with lukewarm water and soap and leaving it for a few hours, followed by sun drying. It is advised to avoid hot water, as it may melt the plastic. While it may not always be possible to completely remove food residue, especially in the case of products like peanut butter, the effort put into cleaning can be weighed against the benefits of recycling.

Some of the most commonly recycled plastics include HDPE, which is used for bottles and film packaging, and PP (polypropylene), which is a popular packaging material. However, the recycling rates for these plastics can vary, with HDPE bottles having a recycling rate of around 30% in the US, while only about 1-3% of PP is recycled domestically.

Local recycling guidelines

Plastic Containers

Most single-use plastic containers, such as yogurt or fruit cups, are typically accepted in household recycling. However, it is important to ensure that they are clean and empty before placing them in the recycling bin. Leftover food residue, especially grease, can render a container unrecyclable. To clean your containers, fill them with lukewarm water and soap, and let them soak for a few hours. Avoid using hot water as it may melt the plastic. Place the containers in direct sunlight to dry.

Plastic Bags

Plastic bags are generally not recyclable with your regular household collection. They require a different recycling process and can be harmful to recycling equipment, causing damage and shutdowns. However, many grocery stores accept plastic bags for specialized recycling.

Bulky, Rigid Plastic

Items like buckets, toys, laundry baskets, and storage bins require a different process for recycling and should not be placed in your household collection. Look for special collections in your area that may accept these items.

Plastic Utensils

The recyclability of plastic utensils depends on your local facility, so check with your service provider. It is best to avoid using plastic utensils altogether and opt for reusable alternatives whenever possible.

Takeout Containers

Clear plastic takeout containers with a recycling symbol, labeled No. 1 or No. 2, can be recycled. Aluminum containers are also recyclable, but they should be clean. Paper or cardboard containers can be recycled if they are not heavily soiled with grease. Some cities offer curbside composting for food-coated paper products, so check with your local sanitation department to find out if this service is available in your area.

Frequently asked questions