Sofia Martinez
Painting plastic models is a highly rewarding and fun process that can elevate your hobby to the next level. It involves intricate details and patience as you wait for layers to dry, but the outcome is well worth the effort. The choice of paint is crucial, with options ranging from water-based acrylics to solvent-based paints like enamels and lacquers. Each type has unique characteristics, including varying drying properties and finishes. Acrylics, the standard choice for most enthusiasts, are easy to work with, quick-drying, and can be thinned with water. Enamels, on the other hand, offer better colour coverage and a smoother finish. Lacquers stand out for their hard finish, colour options, and high-gloss potential, making them ideal for cars. Whether you use a brush, airbrush gun, or spray can, taking your time and working slowly will ensure beautiful results.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Paint types | Water-based, solvent-based, lacquer, acrylic, enamel |
| Paint application methods | Airbrush gun, brush, spray can |
| Paint application order | Light colours first, followed by dark tones, then metallic colours |
| Brush thickness | 0.2 to 0.4 mm |
| Drying time between colours | 30 to 60 minutes |
| Final drying time | 12 hours |
| Primer | Recommended for models made of multiple materials or that will be handled regularly |
| Spray paint | Useful for creating uniform base coats, especially for large surface areas |
| Brush painting | Ideal for adding details or additional coats after spray painting |
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What You'll Learn
Paint types: water-based vs solvent-based
When choosing the right paint for your plastic model, it's important to consider the pros and cons of water-based and solvent-based paints.
Water-based paints, also known as waterborne acrylics or acrylic latex coatings, have several advantages. They are more environmentally friendly due to lower levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), resulting in less impact on the environment and reduced health risks. They also emit less odour, are quicker to dry, and are easier to clean up. Water-based paints are generally easier to apply and are ideal for indoor use, especially in poorly ventilated areas. Additionally, modern water-based paints have improved in terms of durability and finish, making them suitable for a wide range of applications.
However, water-based paints may not be the best choice in cold temperatures as they are affected by freezing temperatures, which can cause them to run and increase drying time. They are also not suitable for certain surfaces that require a primer, such as wood and metal.
On the other hand, solvent-based paints, also known as oil-based or alkyd paints, have their own set of advantages. They contain higher levels of organic compounds that facilitate application, drying, and the formation of a durable paint film. Solvent-based paints are ideal for low-temperature applications and certain surfaces that require specific chemical properties.
Despite these advantages, solvent-based paints have some drawbacks. They release VOCs into the atmosphere, resulting in a strong odour and a toxic impact on the environment. They also require the use of hazardous chemicals for clean-up, have longer drying times, and can pose health risks such as headaches, dizziness, and long-term respiratory issues if inhaled.
When choosing between water-based and solvent-based paints for your plastic model, consider your working environment, the temperature, the surface you're painting on, and the level of durability and finish you require. Both types of paints have their advantages and disadvantages, and the right choice depends on your specific needs and working conditions.
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Paint application: airbrush, brush, or spray
Painting plastic models can be done using an airbrush, brush, or spray. Each method has its own set of advantages and disadvantages, and the right choice depends on the specific requirements of your project. Here is a detailed look at each application method:
Airbrush
Airbrushing is often considered more professional and expensive than the other methods. It offers a finer finish than spray cans due to the smaller particulates in the paint. Airbrushing provides a wide range of colour choices, as any model paint can be thinned and used with an airbrush. However, it does require the purchase of an airbrush and an air system, which can be costly. Additionally, airbrushing may not be suitable for all applications, as it requires the proper adjustment of pressure to avoid problems with the finish.
Brush
Using a brush for painting plastic models allows for precise and detailed work. Brushes come in various thicknesses, and the right size should be selected based on the area being painted. It is important to start with light colours and gradually move to darker tones, painting slowly and evenly. Proper brush maintenance is crucial, as it should be thoroughly washed after each colour change. Brushes are a good option for those new to the hobby, as they are easy to use and do not require additional equipment.
Spray
Spray painting is a convenient option that does not require the purchase of additional equipment. However, spray cans typically have limited colour options and only one setting, which can make it challenging to achieve a precise finish. There are more expensive spray cans available that offer a finer spray and adjustable settings, but they may not provide the same level of control as an airbrush. Spray painting is suitable for those who want a quick and easy option for covering large areas.
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Paint choices: acrylics, enamels, or lacquers
When it comes to choosing paint for your plastic model, you have three main choices: acrylics, enamels, or lacquers. Each type of paint has its own unique properties, advantages, and drawbacks, so it's important to understand the differences before making your selection.
Acrylic paints are a popular choice for plastic models and have gained favour in recent times. They are known for their durability, offering decent protection for the plastic components of your model. Acrylics are also less toxic than other options since they cure through water evaporation, making them safer to use indoors with minimal ventilation. Additionally, they can be easily washed off brushes and tools with warm water before they dry, but become waterproof after hardening. However, the finish of acrylic paint may deteriorate over time with repeated human touch. When using acrylics, it is generally recommended to start with a coat of primer.
Enamels, on the other hand, are oil-based paints and have been around for a long time. They are known for providing better colour coverage and a smoother finish compared to acrylics. Enamels are quite unique in that they can be manipulated even after they have dried, allowing for various effects. However, this level of pliability also means that enamels take longer to dry than acrylics, and they have a stronger odour due to their turpentine base. Enamels cannot be mixed with water, as the oil base will react and cause a mess. Instead, special enamel thinners are required for mixing and cleaning brushes. Enamel paints are better suited to more advanced modellers due to the additional considerations and techniques involved in their application.
Lacquers are solvent-based paints that dry much harder than both acrylics and enamels, resulting in a durable finish. They offer a wide range of colour options and are particularly well-suited for high-gloss finishes, especially for model cars. Lacquers are easy to polish into a mirror-like finish, making them ideal for achieving a sleek, shiny appearance. However, one of the main drawbacks of lacquers is their extremely strong odour, which necessitates outdoor use or adequate ventilation. It is recommended to wear a mask when working with lacquer paints. Lacquers can be used as primers because they chemically etch themselves into the plastic surface. Additionally, they dry quickly, allowing for immediate progression to the next steps, such as layering with clear coats or varnish.
Ultimately, the choice between acrylics, enamels, or lacquers depends on your specific needs, preferences, and the desired finish for your plastic model. Each type of paint has its strengths and weaknesses, and it may be beneficial to experiment with different options to see which one works best for your project.
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Paint techniques: layering, thinning, and drying
Painting metallic details on plastic models can be an enjoyable hobby, but it can also be intimidating for newcomers. Choosing the right paint is important, and there are broadly two types: water-based and solvent-based. Water-based paints are a good choice if you have children or pets around, while solvent-based paints offer superior performance but require health and safety precautions such as wearing a respirator and ensuring adequate ventilation.
Once you have selected the appropriate paint for your working environment, you can begin to apply the paint using techniques such as layering and thinning. Layering involves building up multiple thin layers of paint to create a smooth and even finish. This technique is particularly useful when using lacquer paints, as they dry quickly and can be immediately layered or sanded back for repairs. Acrylic lacquer paints, for example, can also be used as primers because they chemically etch themselves into the plastic surface. When thinning your paint, it is important to use a suitable vehicle, such as water or a solvent, to help the paint move from the bottle to the model and then evaporate.
Another technique to consider is dry brushing, which can take your models to the next level. This technique involves using a dry brush to apply paint to a model, creating a unique texture and finish. Additionally, using a wet palette can be helpful when working with water-based acrylics, as it keeps the paint moist and easy to work with.
Finally, remember that the drying time of your paint will vary depending on the type of paint and the environment. Lacquer paints, for example, dry quickly and allow you to continue working immediately, whether that's layering additional coats or applying a clear varnish. By understanding the unique properties of your chosen paint and practising layering, thinning, and drying techniques, you can achieve stunning, professional-grade finishes on your plastic models.
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Paint safety: ventilation and respirators
Painting plastic models can be a fun hobby, but it's important to prioritise your safety. When painting, fine particles are released into the air, which can irritate your lungs and cause allergic reactions. Therefore, it is vital to ensure that you are working in a well-ventilated area and are equipped with the right protective gear.
The type of paint and application method you use will determine the level of ventilation and protective gear you need. For example, solvent-based paints emit strong vapours that can be harmful to your health, so you should opt for a well-ventilated area or work outdoors. Water-based paints are less toxic, but it is still important to have adequate ventilation. If you are using a spray can, aerosol spray, or air gun, you should consider working outdoors to avoid inhaling the paint particles.
To protect yourself from inhaling paint particles, it is important to wear a respirator. There are two main types of respirators: disposable and reusable. Disposable respirators are more comfortable due to their lighter construction, and they are also cheaper and require no maintenance. Reusable respirators, on the other hand, offer more versatility as they allow you to choose between a particle filter and a chemical cartridge. If you are exposed to chemical concentrations exceeding OSHA's Permissible Exposure Limits (PELs), a reusable respirator with the appropriate chemical cartridge is recommended.
When choosing a respirator, it is important to consider its NIOSH approval and rating, filter capacity, level of comfort, and whether it is compatible with safety goggles. For most painting tasks, a half-face respirator with organic vapour cartridges and P100 filters is recommended. However, if you are working with higher concentrations of fumes, it is best to opt for a full-face respirator for comprehensive respiratory and eye protection. Additionally, you should consider wearing protective clothing, such as a disposable coverall suit, to ensure total body coverage.
Remember, taking the necessary health and safety precautions is crucial when working with paint. By ensuring proper ventilation and wearing the appropriate protective gear, you can enjoy your hobby while minimising potential health risks.
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Frequently asked questions
Acrylic modelling paint is the standard preferred choice for most model enthusiasts and is the most highly recommended paint for beginners. It is easy to work with, dries quickly, and can be thinned by mixing with water. Enamels are oil-based paints and are a more traditional variant, providing better colour coverage and a smoother finish. Lacquers dry harder than acrylics and enamels, have more colour variations, and are great for high-gloss finishes, especially for cars.
First, use spray paint to create a uniform base coat. Then, use a brush to paint details or additional coats. You can also use an airbrush gun or a spray can. Start with light colours, then move to dark tones, and finally, metallic colours. After each colour change, remember to wash the brush. Once the model is painted, let it dry for about 12 hours in a dust-free, wind-protected, and not-too-cold place.
It is not necessary to use a primer unless your model is made of multiple materials, such as plastic, wood, or metal. In that case, a primer will help produce a uniform colour and make it easier for the paint to stick. If you do use a primer, apply a thin coat so you don't obscure any details, and wait 24 hours for it to settle before painting.
Paints can be broadly classified into two types: water-based and solvent-based. Acrylics are water-based, easy to work with, and have a quick drying time. Solvent-based paints, on the other hand, may require additional health and safety precautions such as wearing a respirator and ensuring adequate ventilation.
When painting metallic colours, use a brush with a thickness of 0.2 to 0.4 mm. Paint slowly and evenly over the model part, ensuring that the transitions between colours are as seamless as possible.
