Chloe Zhang
Plastic containers are a convenient and inexpensive way to store food, but there are concerns about the potential health risks associated with their use. Some studies have shown that the chemicals in plastic can 'leach' or 'migrate' into food and drinks, especially when exposed to heat. While manufacturers and food safety authorities argue that the levels of these chemicals are too low to pose a risk to human health, scientists have identified 388 'chemicals of concern' that may be used in products that come into contact with food, 197 of which are used in the manufacture of plastics. These chemicals have the potential to cause cancer or damage our health in other ways. To reduce the risk of chemical migration, it is recommended to avoid storing hot food or liquids in plastic containers and to use glass or ceramic containers for microwaving food.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Safety | Plastic containers are generally considered safe for storing food, but there are concerns about potential health risks due to chemical migration, especially when heated. |
| Temperature | Plastic containers should not be used for hot food or liquids as high temperatures can cause the release of harmful chemicals. They are suitable for cold food storage. |
| Food Type | Oily, fatty, and greasy foods should be avoided as they can break down plastic and absorb more chemicals. Acidic and strong-odored foods may also absorb more chemicals and should be stored elsewhere. |
| Reuse | Single-use plastics should not be reused, and containers should be replaced if worn or damaged. |
| Alternatives | Glass, ceramic, and silicone containers are recommended as safer alternatives for food storage and reheating. |
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What You'll Learn
Plastic containers and heat
Plastic containers are a convenient and inexpensive storage solution for food. However, there are concerns about the potential health risks associated with using plastic containers, especially when storing hot food or heating food in them.
Some scientists argue that chemicals in plastic can leach into food and drinks, and that the transfer of chemicals is higher with hot foods. Heating food in plastic containers can cause the plastic to release harmful chemicals, and the high temperatures can also cause the plastic to break down. Oily, fatty, and greasy foods should be avoided in plastic containers as they can react with the plastic over time and put the food at risk of contamination. Foods with a high oil or fat content, such as lasagna, can absorb more chemicals from the plastic. Similarly, acidic foods like tomato sauce are also prone to absorbing more chemicals.
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics in the US advises consumers to only use plastic containers for storing cold food. They recommend using plastic containers with triangle codes one, two, four, and five, and avoiding those with codes three, six, and seven. The British Plastics Federation (BPF) states that any plastic product approved for food contact has to meet the stringent standards of the FSA (Food Standards Agency). However, some argue that these rules are not adequately enforced and that there is a lack of data to support claims that plastic food containers are safe for hot food.
To reduce potential health risks, it is recommended to use alternative materials for storing and heating food, such as glass or silicone bags, especially for hot, oily, or fatty foods. Glass is non-reactive, stain-resistant, and suitable for both hot and cold foods. Heat-resistant plastic containers are also available, but it is important to ensure they are certified for food use and meet the necessary safety standards.
Overall, while plastic containers are convenient, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with using them for food storage, especially when exposed to heat. Alternative materials like glass or silicone may be safer options for storing and heating certain types of food.
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Plastic containers and cold food
Plastic containers are a convenient and inexpensive storage solution for food. They are lightweight, durable, and easy to transport. However, there are some concerns about the potential health risks associated with using plastic containers, especially for storing hot food.
When it comes to cold food storage, plastic containers can be a good option. The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics in the US advises that plastic containers are safe for storing cold food. This is because the risk of chemicals leaching into food from plastic containers is lower at colder temperatures. Most plastic containers are marked with a triangle on the bottom, with a number from one to seven, indicating the type of plastic used. The Academy recommends using containers marked with numbers one, two, four, or five for food storage.
Some foods, however, are not suitable for storage in plastic containers, regardless of temperature. Foods with strong odours, such as onions, garlic, and certain cheeses, can penetrate the plastic, leaving it stained with the smell and potentially affecting other foods stored in the container later on. Fresh herbs and fruits like berries, avocados, and citrus fruits are also best stored in alternatives such as glass containers. Glass provides better ventilation, preventing moisture buildup and prolonging the shelf life of these produce items.
Oily, fatty, and greasy foods should also be avoided in plastic containers as they can break down the plastic over time and increase the risk of chemical contamination. Fatty foods, in particular, tend to absorb more chemicals from plastic containers. This is also true for acidic foods, such as tomato sauce, which can leach higher levels of chemicals from the plastic.
Overall, while plastic containers can be convenient for storing cold food, it is important to be mindful of the type of food being stored and consider alternative materials like glass or silicone bags for certain items to maintain food safety and quality.
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Plastic containers and hot food
Plastic containers are a convenient and inexpensive storage solution for food. However, there are concerns about the safety of storing hot food in plastic containers due to the potential for chemical leaching.
Plastics are made from thousands of compounds, and relatively little is known about most of them. Some chemicals used in plastics, such as phthalates and BPA, have been linked to adverse health effects. While manufacturers and food safety authorities maintain that the levels of these chemicals are too low to pose a risk, some scientists argue that there is a lack of data to support this claim, especially when plastic containers are used to store hot food.
The chemical composition of plastics varies widely, resulting in different levels of heat resistance and potential chemical leachability. When hot food is placed in a plastic container, there is a risk that the heat can cause chemicals from the plastic to leach into the food. This is particularly true for acidic and fatty foods, such as tomato sauce and lasagne, which are prone to absorbing more chemicals from plastic containers. The transfer of chemicals is also higher with hot foods, so microwaving food in a plastic container can increase the risk of chemical leaching.
To mitigate these risks, it is recommended to avoid storing hot food in plastic containers. Instead, it is advisable to let the food cool to room temperature before transferring it to a plastic container for storage. Glass or metal containers are also safer alternatives for storing hot food, as they are non-reactive and do not leach chemicals.
Additionally, it is important to consider the type of plastic used. Plastics are categorized by resin identification codes, numbered 1 through 7, which indicate the type of plastic and its suitability for food contact. Polypropylene (PP), identified by the number 5, is widely recognized for its safety in contact with food due to its high melting point and heat resistance. It does not leach harmful chemicals when used appropriately and is a preferred choice for storing and reheating hot food.
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Plastic containers and fatty foods
Plastic containers are a common and inexpensive storage solution for food. However, some scientists are concerned that the chemicals in plastic can damage our health. Studies have shown that some of the thousands of substances used to make plastic products can ‘leach’ or ‘migrate’ into the food and drinks we consume.
According to experts, foods with a high oil or fat content, such as lasagna, butter, cheese, and meat, should not be stored in plastic containers. This is because fat can facilitate the leaching of chemicals into the food, and fatty foods are prone to absorbing more chemicals from plastic containers. Oily and fatty foods can also break down plastic over time, which puts the food at risk of contamination.
Fatty foods stored in plastic may absorb more chemicals when exposed to high temperatures, so it is advised to avoid storing hot food and liquids in plastic containers. It is recommended to let food cool before storing it in plastic. Additionally, fatty foods with strong odors, such as certain cheeses, can penetrate the plastic, leaving it stained with the smell and potentially ruining future contents.
To avoid the potential risks associated with storing fatty foods in plastic containers, experts recommend using alternative materials such as glass, ceramic, or stainless steel containers. Glass is safe for most foods because it is non-reactive, stain-resistant, and suitable for both hot and cold items. Silicone bags are also a reusable and eco-friendly option.
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Plastic containers and food safety regulations
Plastic containers are ubiquitous in modern life, with plastic food containers constituting a significant portion of this usage. The use of plastic containers for food storage has sparked concerns about potential health risks due to chemical leaching into food. Food-grade plastic is subject to regulations to ensure its safety for food storage.
Food-grade plastic must adhere to specific regulations and cannot contain dyes, additives, or harmful products. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in the United States is responsible for determining the suitability of materials for food contact. These regulations aim to prevent the transfer of non-food chemicals into food and ensure the safety of food-safe plastic containers.
Plastic containers are marked with resin identification codes, denoted by numbers enclosed in a triangle, which indicate the type of plastic used. These codes provide information about the recyclability and safety of the container. The safest containers are typically made from resins with the identification numbers 2, 4 (excluding food wraps), and 5. However, some sources recommend avoiding containers with codes 3, 6, and 7.
While plastic containers are convenient and widely used, they may not be suitable for all types of food. Hot food and liquids should not be stored in plastic containers, as high temperatures can cause the release of harmful chemicals. Oily, fatty, and greasy foods should also be avoided in plastic containers, as they can break down the plastic over time and increase the risk of chemical contamination. Additionally, foods with strong odours or those requiring proper ventilation, such as fresh herbs, are not recommended for storage in plastic containers.
To ensure food safety and prolong the lifespan of plastic containers, it is essential to follow proper cleaning and maintenance practices. Plastic containers should be washed by hand or in the dishwasher if they have a dishwasher-safe label. It is crucial to pay attention to grooves and openings to prevent pathogen contamination. Containers with lids that no longer seal properly or exhibit scratches, cracks, or misshapen should be discarded.
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Frequently asked questions
It is generally advised to avoid storing food in plastic containers, especially hot food and liquids, as the high temperatures can cause the plastic to release harmful chemicals. It is recommended to use glass, ceramic, or microwave-safe plastic containers for microwaving food.
Oily, fatty, and greasy foods should not be stored in plastic containers as they can break down the plastic over time and increase the migration of chemicals into the food. Foods with strong odors, such as onions, garlic, and certain cheeses, should also be avoided as they can penetrate and stain the plastic. Fresh herbs and fruits like berries, avocados, and citrus are best stored in containers that provide proper ventilation.
Glass, ceramic, and silicone containers are recommended as alternatives to plastic for food storage. These materials are considered safer and more environmentally friendly options.
It is important to use food-grade plastic containers that are specifically designed for food storage. Look for containers with a dishwasher-safe or freezer-safe label if you intend to wash them in the dishwasher or store them in the freezer. Avoid using scratched, discolored, or single-use plastic containers for food storage.
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