Maya Ellison
Plastic food containers are a convenient way to store food, but it's important to be aware of the potential health and environmental risks associated with their use. Plastic containers can contain thousands of compounds, and there is a lack of data on the safety of many of these chemicals. Some plastics are designed for single use and should not be reused, while others are safe for reuse and can be washed by hand or in the dishwasher. It's important to check for labels indicating if a container is dishwasher-safe, freezer-safe, or microwave-safe. Food-grade plastic containers are designed to prevent non-food chemicals from contaminating food, but they must be used as intended to ensure safety. The FDA conducts research and testing on food-grade materials, but there are concerns about the potential health effects of chemicals like BPA. To reduce risks, consumers can choose BPA-free plastics and avoid certain recycling symbols. Some types of plastics, such as PET, HDPE, PVC, LDPE, and PP, have specific properties and uses that make them suitable for food storage.
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What You'll Learn
Food-grade plastic containers are safe for food storage
Plastic containers are a convenient way to store food, but not all plastics are created equal when it comes to food safety. Some plastics may leach chemicals or toxins into food, especially when exposed to heat, so it's important to choose food-grade plastic containers that are specifically designed for food storage.
Food-grade plastic containers are those that have been reviewed and deemed safe for food storage by regulatory bodies like the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). These containers are made from materials that will not transfer harmful non-food chemicals into the food they contain. Using food-grade plastic containers is important because non-food-grade plastics may contaminate food with toxins, which can have damaging health effects.
When choosing plastic containers for food storage, it's essential to consider the type of plastic and its intended use. Different plastics have varying levels of safety for food storage. For example, PET or PETE (polyethylene terephthalate), identified by the number 1 inside the recycling triangle, is commonly used for beverages and food items like peanut butter and salad dressing. It is considered safe for food and has antimicrobial properties, making it a good choice for food storage. On the other hand, HDPE (high-density polyethylene), identified by the number 2, is commonly used for milk bottles and juice containers. While HDPE is considered food-grade, milk containers can be difficult to sanitise properly, and the plastic will break down over time, so they may not be the best choice for long-term food storage.
It's also important to follow specific guidelines when using plastic containers for food storage. Single-use containers should be used only once, as plastic breaks down over time and with repeated use. Containers should be washed thoroughly, either by hand or in the dishwasher if they are labelled as dishwasher-safe. It's important to ensure that grooves and openings are clean to prevent pathogen contamination. Additionally, food should not be microwaved in plastic containers unless they are specifically labelled as microwave-safe.
By choosing food-grade plastic containers and following proper usage and cleaning guidelines, consumers can safely use plastic containers for food storage while minimising potential health risks associated with non-food-grade plastics.
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Plastic containers should be used only once
Food-grade plastic containers are designed to store food without transferring non-food chemicals into what we eat. Non-food grade plastic containers may contaminate food, so it's important to use the right containers for food storage.
Plastic containers designed for single use should only be used once. This is because plastic breaks down over time, and some items are not designed to withstand heating and cooling. Most plastics with a recycling code number of one are intended for single use, such as disposable water bottles. Instead of reusing these plastics, transfer food to containers designed for storing or reheating meals.
It's important to wash plastic containers by hand, and only put them in the dishwasher if they have a dishwasher-safe label. When washing, pay particular attention to the grooves around the openings to ensure they are clean so that pathogens do not contaminate food. If a container's lid no longer seals well, or the container is worn and has scratches, cracks, or has become misshapen, it should no longer be used.
Plastic containers should not be used in the microwave, as heat helps to break the chemical bonds in plastic, increasing the rate of chemical migration from the container into the food. Containers such as margarine tubs, yogurt cartons, and foam-insulated cups should not be used in the microwave, as they are not designed for this purpose. Plastic containers from packaged microwavable meals are designed for one-time use only and should not be reused.
It's important to be aware of the potential health risks associated with plastic containers. For example, BPA, a chemical widely added to food plastics, has been linked to neonatal and infant brain and reproductive harm. Phthalates, which are used to make plastic more flexible and are found in food packaging and plastic wrap, have been linked to reproductive dysfunction in animal studies and decreased fertility, neurodevelopmental issues, and asthma in humans. With relatively little known about the thousands of compounds found in plastic products, it's important to exercise caution when using plastic containers for food storage and consumption.
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Containers should be labelled for freezer use
When it comes to storing food, plastic containers are a popular choice for many. However, it is important to ensure that the containers are labelled for freezer use before filling them with food and placing them in the freezer. This is because not all plastics are created equal, and some may not be suitable for freezing temperatures.
Using containers labelled for freezer use is essential for maintaining the integrity of your food and the container itself. Freezer-safe containers are designed to withstand freezing temperatures without becoming brittle or cracked. They also help prevent the expansion of the food inside, reducing the risk of cracked containers and spoiled food.
When choosing plastic containers for freezing, look for those specifically labelled as "freezer-safe" or "freeze-grade." These containers are made from materials that can handle freezing temperatures without breaking down. Some common plastics used for freezer-safe containers include Linear Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), which is known for its flexibility and crack resistance, even in freezing conditions.
It is also important to note that not all containers are meant for long-term food storage. Some plastics may be safe for initial food packaging but are not ideal for long-term reuse. For example, milk jugs are made of High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), a food-grade plastic. However, they are difficult to sanitise properly, and the plastic will break down over time, making them less suitable for long-term food storage.
To summarise, when preparing food for the freezer, always opt for containers labelled for freezer use. This ensures the safety of your food and maintains the integrity of the container. By choosing the right containers, you can avoid spoiled food, cracked containers, and potential health hazards caused by chemical leaching from unsuitable plastics.
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Containers should be labelled microwave safe
Food-safe plastic containers are those that do not transfer non-food chemicals into the food. Containers made from certain plastics, such as polypropylene (PP), are generally considered safe for food storage and microwaving.
When it comes to microwave usage, it is essential that containers be labelled as microwave-safe. Here are some reasons why:
Prevent Illness and Food Contamination
Microwaving food in containers that are not specifically designed for microwave use can lead to food contamination. The U.S. Department of Agriculture recommends using only containers that are manufactured for microwave use, such as glass, ceramic, and certain plastics labelled as "microwave-safe." By using containers labelled as microwave-safe, you can reduce the risk of harmful chemicals leaching into your food.
Avoid Fire Hazards
Some materials, such as cardboard, can contain glues, waxes, or other substances that can make them a fire hazard in the microwave. Always transfer food from cardboard containers into microwave-safe plates or bowls before heating. Additionally, avoid using any metal containers or containers with metal handles or fasteners in the microwave, as metal surfaces can reflect microwaves, increasing the heat and potentially causing a fire.
Ensure Even Heating
Different materials heat up at different rates in the microwave. Microwave-safe glass, such as Pyrex, provides more even heating than plastic or paper. While ceramic dishes are also generally microwave-safe, they can heat up more quickly, leading to uneven heating of the food. Using containers labelled as microwave-safe helps ensure that your food is heated evenly and safely.
Follow Expert Recommendations
Experts recommend always using containers labelled as microwave-safe. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) advises against using single-use containers, such as yogurt cartons or margarine tubs, for microwaving. The FDA continues to monitor microplastics in food sources, and research suggests that using containers labelled as microwave-safe can help reduce the presence of plastics in your food.
In summary, always look for the microwave-safe label or symbol on the bottom of containers to ensure they are safe for microwave use. This will help prevent potential health risks, fire hazards, and uneven heating of your food.
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Containers should be washed by hand
Food-safe plastic containers are made from plastics that will not transfer non-food chemicals into the food. Non-food-grade plastic containers may contaminate food. Some plastics are safer than others when it comes to personal and environmental health. For example, some plastics can be recycled for water or food storage, while others contain toxins not suitable for storage.
Some plastics break down over time from high temperatures and overuse. Polycarbonate plastic, for example, is strong and long-lasting, but it can break down over time from high temperatures and overuse. It is recommended to never microwave foods in plastic containers, including margarine tubs and restaurant carryout containers. Plastic containers from packaged microwavable meals should not be reused after their initial use; they are safely designed for one-time use only.
Some plastics are better suited for food storage than others. For example, HDPE (high-density polyethylene) is commonly used for milk bottles, some juice containers, and laundry products. While HDPE is considered food-grade, milk containers are difficult to sanitize properly, and the plastic will break down over time. LDPE (low-density polyethylene) is used for a wide range of items such as dry-cleaning bags, bread and frozen food bags, and squeezable bottles for mustard and honey. LDPE can be recycled for food storage, but it may be difficult to sanitize, and it may not be the best plastic for long-term food storage.
Food-grade polypropylene (PP) is widely used for food storage and is known for its toughness and flexibility. It is used to make yogurt containers, margarine tubs, and refrigerator food storage bins.
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Frequently asked questions
Food-safe plastic containers are those that are free of harmful chemicals and toxins that can contaminate food. Containers made of food-grade plastic are generally considered food-safe, but it's important to use them according to their intended purpose.
Look for containers that are specifically designed for food storage and follow the guidelines for their intended use. Recycled plastics with the recycling numbers 2, 4, and 5 are generally considered the safest for food storage. Avoid plastics with the recycling symbols 3 and 7, as they may contain harmful chemicals like BPA.
Yes, it's important to follow some general precautions:
- Avoid using single-use containers multiple times, as they are not designed for reuse.
- Do not microwave food in plastic containers unless they are specifically labelled as microwave-safe.
- Wash plastic containers regularly, either by hand or in the dishwasher if they have a dishwasher-safe label.
- Replace containers that show signs of wear and tear, such as lids that no longer seal properly or containers with scratches or cracks.
Some recommended types of plastic for food containers include:
- PET or PETE (polyethylene terephthalate): commonly used for beverages and food with a long shelf life.
- HDPE (high-density polyethylene): used for milk bottles and juice containers but requires proper sanitation for food storage.
- PP (polypropylene): a widely used plastic for food containers and packaging.
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