Maya Ellison
Painting plastic scale models is a fun hobby for many, but it can be tricky to get right. One of the most important things to consider when painting plastic models is the type of paint used, as using the wrong paint can cause paint craze, where the paint cracks and creates a spiderweb or checkerboard pattern on the model. This can be caused by using a paint that is too hot, such as lacquer, or by not using a suitable primer. To avoid paint craze, it is important to research the best type of paint and primer for the specific plastic and paint being used, as well as to prepare the model properly before painting.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Cause of paint craze on plastic scale models | The use of "hot" paints such as lacquer, especially automotive paint, can cause paint craze on plastic scale models. |
| Prevention of paint craze | Use a suitable primer before painting. Test any paint on a scrap piece of plastic to ensure it does not cause paint craze. |
| Recommended paints for plastic models | Acrylic paint is a popular option for plastic models as it is easy to apply, inexpensive, and emits fewer harmful fumes. Enamel paint is also used for plastic models and is known for its high-quality results, but it is more complex and involves more considerations. |
| Primers for plastic models | A primer is recommended for some types of plastic to improve paint adhesion. TAMIYA offers high-quality primers in various colors, liquid or spray formulations. A white primer is suggested for light colors, while a gray primer is recommended for dark colors. |
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What You'll Learn
Acrylic vs. Enamel Paint
Paint crazing occurs when the paint cracks in a spiderweb or checkerboard pattern. It is caused by the paint expanding and contracting at a different rate than the material it is painted on. Crazing can be prevented by using a suitable primer and can be removed with polishing pads and hand polishing techniques.
When it comes to choosing between acrylic and enamel paint for plastic scale models, there are several factors to consider, including quality, durability, toxicity, and skill level.
Acrylic paint has gained popularity in recent years and can deliver impressive results for plastic scale models. It often requires a coat of primer before application and may need multiple coats to achieve the desired coverage. Acrylic paint dries into a durable finish that protects the model's plastic components. It is also water-soluble, allowing for easy cleanup with warm water, and it becomes waterproof after drying. Acrylic paint is less toxic than enamel paint since it cures through water evaporation, making it safer to use indoors with minimal ventilation. Additionally, acrylic paint dries faster than enamel paint, which can speed up the overall build time.
On the other hand, enamel paint has a reputation for producing high-quality results in the model car community. It is thicker than acrylic paint and achieves its high-quality consistency through a chemical reaction with the air during curing. Enamel paint typically requires fewer coats compared to acrylic and often does not need a primer on plastic models. However, enamel paint involves more considerations and is better suited to advanced model enthusiasts. Enamel paint uses an oil-based solvent for pigment absorption and curing, contributing to its longer drying time. It must be thinned with harsh paint thinners like turpentine, which produce toxic fumes.
Both types of paint have their advantages and disadvantages, and the choice between acrylic and enamel depends on factors such as desired quality, skill level, and drying time.
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Lacquer Paint
There are different types of lacquer paints available, such as nitrocellulose lacquer, which is a spray-on lacquer that can give a high sheen coating with a pop of colour and depth. Another type of lacquer paint is the acrylic lacquer paint, which can also be used as a primer since it chemically etches itself into the plastic surface. Tamiya Acrylics, for example, are acrylic lacquer paints that perform best when thinned with a lacquer thinner.
When working with lacquer paint, it is important to take safety precautions due to its toxicity. This includes using a respirator mask with organic solvent filters and ensuring proper ventilation in the workspace. Additionally, it is recommended to test the paint on a small area of the model before proceeding with the full application to ensure compatibility and avoid potential damage.
To achieve a professional and realistic finish on a plastic scale model, the paint application method is crucial. Lacquer paint can be applied using an airbrush gun, brush, or spray can, each offering different advantages and disadvantages. Proper preparation is essential, including cleaning the model with a soft cloth to remove dirt and dust, setting up a stable work surface, and ensuring good lighting to illuminate all parts of the model during the painting process.
Overall, lacquer paint can be successfully used on plastic scale models when following the necessary precautions and preparation steps. By understanding the characteristics of lacquer paint and its potential impact on plastic, model builders can create durable and aesthetically pleasing finishes for their projects.
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Priming
When priming a plastic scale model, it is essential to start with a clean surface. This means removing any dirt, oils from fingerprints, and mould release agents that may prevent the paint from sticking. It is recommended to use a soft cloth to wipe down the model and ensure that there are no remaining liquids in any corners or crevices. An air compressor can also be useful for this step. Tape all glued areas of the model before priming so that they can be joined together without any issues after painting.
There are different types of primers available for plastic models, including enamel and lacquer-based primers. Lacquer-based primers, such as the Tamiya Surface Primer, are known for their good adhesion and are suitable for polystyrene kits. Enamel primers, such as Rustoleum Painters Touch, are also formulated for plastics and provide strong adhesion. It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions when using these products and to test them on a small area of the model first to ensure compatibility.
The application method of the primer will depend on the product chosen. Spray primers, such as the grey XF 66 diluted with lacquer thinner, can be distributed quickly, evenly, and finely. Brush-on primers are also available and are ideal for beginners as they allow for more control and precision. It is recommended to use a white primer for light colours and a grey primer for dark colours.
After priming, it is important to allow the primer to dry completely. Any small irregularities can be sanded down with fine-grit sandpaper to create a smooth surface for painting. Wet sanding can be used on primers to smooth any imperfections, but it is not necessary for all projects.
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Spray Paint
To spray paint, you should use quick bursts of colour to apply coats evenly. It is recommended to use a white, spray primer if you need to prime a surface. Hold the can 10-12 inches (25-30 cm) away from the model and spray in quick, even strokes until you've covered the entire model. Wait 24 hours for the primer to settle. You can also use an airbrush to spray smaller areas of your model. To use an airbrush, get an airbrush kit and thin your paint with enamel thinner or water until it's soupy and thin. Pour 10-15 drops into the cup at the top of the gun and hold the nozzle 4-8 inches (10-20 cm) away from the surface. Pull the trigger to release your paint. Wear a respirator when using an airbrush.
It is important to note that not all spray paints are suitable for plastic models. Make sure to read the can carefully to ensure that the paint is not designed specifically for wood, metal, or other surfaces. Additionally, some types of paint can craze the plastic, such as "hot" paints like lacquer. To avoid this, you can use a primer before painting, as it will help the paint adhere better to the model. You can also use acrylic lacquer paints, as they chemically etch themselves into the plastic surface and are durable.
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Paint Types and Application Methods
Painting plastic scale models is a fun and rewarding process. To get started, you'll need to choose the right paint and application method. The most common paints used for plastic models are acrylic paints, which can be easily thinned with water and applied with a brush or airbrush. These paints are versatile and suitable for beginners.
Paint Types
There are two main types of paints available for plastic scale models: water-based and solvent-based. Water-based paints, such as acrylics, are easy to work with and can be thinned by mixing them with water. They are the standard choice for most model enthusiasts. Acrylic lacquer paints are a good option as they can also be used as primers and are durable. However, be cautious when using ""hot" paints such as lacquer, as they can craze the plastic. To avoid this, use a primer before applying lacquer paint.
Solvent-based paints, on the other hand, use stronger organic solvents as their vehicle. While they offer superior performance in terms of finish, sheen, durability, and drying time, they are also highly toxic. If you choose to work with solvent-based paints, ensure you have proper ventilation and wear a respirator mask with organic solvent filters.
Application Methods
The two main application methods for painting plastic scale models are brush painting and spray painting. Brush painting is the most common method and is suitable for both large areas and intricate details. Synthetic sable or fox hair brushes are excellent choices as they hold their shape well and are less likely to fray or split. When brush painting, always start with light colours, followed by dark tones, and finally, metallic colours.
Spray painting is typically used for applying large sections of colour or base coats. It is important to work in a well-ventilated area or outdoors when spray painting to avoid inhaling too much of the paint. You can also use an airbrush for smaller areas of your model, thinning the paint with enamel thinner or water. This technique requires a respirator and a steady hand.
Additional Tips
- Always test your paint application on an inconspicuous area or on a plastic cup before starting.
- Allow each colour to dry for about 30 to 60 minutes before applying the next coat.
- After painting, let the model dry for about 12 hours in a dust-free, wind-protected, and room-temperature environment.
- Use the right brush strength for very fine details and larger areas, ensuring seamless transitions between colours.
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Frequently asked questions
Paint craze refers to the cracking of paint on a plastic scale model, often caused by the use of "hot" paints such as lacquer.
Paint craze occurs when the paint expands and contracts at a different rate than the plastic surface, causing it to crack in a spider web or checkerboard pattern.
To prevent paint craze, it is recommended to use a primer before painting. Additionally, avoid using "hot" paints such as lacquer, and always test any paint on a small area of the model before proceeding with the full application.
Tamiya offers a range of high-quality primers and paints suitable for plastic models. For primers, use a white primer for light colours and a grey primer for dark colours. Acrylic paint is also a popular choice for plastic models as it is easy to apply, inexpensive, and emits fewer harmful fumes.
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