Omar Khalid
Plastic pipes are becoming the go-to option for plumbing systems, with plastic technology improving to make polymers and thermoplastics more resistant to heat damage and easier to manipulate to fit a home. The best plastic plumbing pipe depends on your particular situation, with several advantages and disadvantages to each type. The most common types of plastic plumbing pipes are PEX, CPVC, PVC, PE-RT, and PPR.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Most common type | PVC |
| Most commonly used | ABS |
| Most common in Europe | PVC |
| Most flexible | PEX |
| Recyclable | PVC, CPVC |
| Least recyclable | PEX |
| Most durable | Copper, HDPE |
| Least durable | Polybutylene |
| Least expensive | PEX, PVC |
| Easiest to cut and join | PEX |
| Easiest to install | PEX, ABS |
| Best for hot water | CPVC, PEX, HDPE |
| Best for cold water | PEX |
| Best for extreme temperatures | ABS |
| Best for outdoor use | ABS |
| Best for industrial use | CPVC |
| Best for residential use | PEX, PVC |
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What You'll Learn
The advantages of PVC
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes are one of the most common types of plastic plumbing pipes. They have been used in plumbing since the 1950s or 1960s. PVC pipes offer a range of advantages, including:
Durability and Longevity
PVC pipes are highly durable and long-lasting. They can stay in good condition for up to 70 years or even over 100 years without developing rust or corrosion. Their rigid structure makes them suitable for use in harsh environments and they can handle pressure from water.
Corrosion Resistance
PVC pipes are resistant to corrosion, including underground external and internal corrosion. This quality helps to preserve the quality of drinking water and ensures that the pipes remain free from bio-film contamination, which can be a breeding ground for bacteria.
Chemical Resistance
PVC pipes exhibit excellent resistance to chemical reagents and disinfectant chemicals. They can safely carry strong acids, alkalis, aqueous solutions, fluorides, plating solutions, brine, mineral oils, and more. This makes them a top choice for most water infrastructure projects.
Lightweight and Easy to Install
PVC pipes are lightweight, making them easy to transport and install. They can be easily cut and joined without the need for special tools or electricity. The smooth surface of the pipes offers leak-free joints, reducing water loss.
Cost-Effectiveness
PVC pipes are affordable and cost-effective due to their low breakage rates, high life cycle, and long-term performance. They are also recyclable at the end of their lifespan, making them environmentally friendly.
Versatility
PVC pipes are versatile and can be used in a wide variety of applications, including residential, commercial, sewage, industrial, and agricultural projects. They are suitable for drainage lines, water systems, underground plumbing, and even advanced fire-sprinkler piping systems.
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CPVC: chlorine-treated PVC
CPVC, or Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride, is a type of PVC that has been treated with chlorine, making it more resistant to high temperatures and pressures than standard PVC. This treatment process increases the plastic's thermal resistance, making it suitable for residential hot water lines and industrial plumbing applications where standard PVC would not be adequate. CPVC is also more durable than PVC and is commonly used in industrial plumbing for this reason.
In residential plumbing, CPVC is an excellent choice for carrying drinking water and handling hot water lines. Its resistance to corrosion and high temperatures makes it a safer option for potable water than metal pipes, which can rust over time. CPVC also takes less time to install than copper pipes, as it is more flexible than standard PVC.
However, one of the primary drawbacks of CPVC is its cost, which can be about double that of PVC. As a result, CPVC is typically only used when necessary, with PVC being the preferred choice when it is strong enough for the application. Additionally, CPVC has a high thermal expansion coefficient, making it less ideal for outdoor uses where temperature variations are common.
When deciding between CPVC and other pipe materials, it is important to consider the specific requirements of the project, including temperature ranges, pressure ratings, and local building regulations. Consulting with a professional plumber can help determine the most suitable pipe material for a particular application.
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PEX pipes: flexible and affordable
PEX, or cross-linked polyethylene, is a type of plastic plumbing pipe that is flexible, affordable, and easy to install. It is colour-coded for hot and cold water and is generally used for water pipes and freshwater kitchen and bathroom systems. PEX pipes are also naturally heat-resistant and less likely to burst during winter freezes.
PEX piping is a relatively new addition to the plumbing industry, offering improved water flow, secure connections, and user-friendly installation. Its flexibility allows plumbers to run long lines with few connection sites, and it can bend up to 90-degree angles. PEX is also less expensive than copper and other materials, and its memory property makes it spring back to its original shape.
Compared to copper, PEX is much cheaper, costing about one-third the price. However, some of the savings may go towards purchasing a special tool for installation. PEX is also not suitable for direct connection to a water heater; instead, a pipe extension is required.
The PEX-a PRO system is a high-grade pressure-resistant flexible piping system that uses expansion ring technology to create durable, reliable, and lasting connections. This system is designed for high-temperature and pressurised applications and can safely operate up to 95°C.
Overall, PEX pipes offer a flexible and affordable plumbing option that is easy to install and use, making it a popular choice for homeowners and plumbers alike.
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ABS pipes: noise-dampening
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pipes are a modern, plastic plumbing pipe option. They are always black and tend to be softer than PVC pipes, but they are extremely strong. ABS pipes are resistant to warping and deterioration in extreme temperatures, including UV light exposure and cold temperatures. This makes them ideal for outdoor plumbing applications, and they are often used for vent and drain lines.
While ABS pipes are a popular choice, one of their drawbacks is that they can be noisy. Water flowing through the pipes can be loud, and this can be an issue if the pipes are located near living areas. There are, however, several ways to reduce the noise levels of ABS pipes. One solution is to wrap the pipes with insulation, such as Roxul Safe n' Sound insulation, or a waffle carpet pad secured with cable ties. Another option is to use a product like Dynamat, a sound-deadening material commonly used in cars, or peel-and-stick rubber roofing. In some cases, it may be necessary to replace the ABS pipes with cast iron pipes, which are less noisy.
It is worth noting that while ABS pipes are commonly used, they are not the only option for plastic plumbing pipes. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes are the most common type of plastic plumbing pipe and have been used since the 1960s. They are affordable, durable, and recyclable. However, PVC pipes are not suitable for hot water lines as they can warp and melt at high temperatures. Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes are a newer type of plastic plumbing pipe that is flexible, heat-resistant, and less likely to burst in freezing temperatures. PEX pipes are also colour-coded for hot and cold water lines, making them easy to identify.
When choosing a plumbing pipe, it is important to consider the specific requirements of your project, including your water system, location, and budget. Consulting with a professional engineer or plumber can help you select the most suitable pipe material for your needs. They can guide you through the pros and cons of each material and ensure you make an informed decision.
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HDPE: high-density polyethylene
HDPE, or high-density polyethylene, is a tough and durable plastic that can be used for almost any plumbing application. Its low coefficient of friction allows water to flow easily, reducing water pressure. HDPE is also easy to shape to the desired fit. It is resistant to corrosion, a common issue with metal pipes.
HDPE is a good choice for hot water lines, unlike PVC, which warps at temperatures above 140°F. HDPE is also suitable for industrial plumbing applications, as it can withstand high water temperatures and pressures.
HDPE is a more expensive option than PVC, but it is a good choice for plumbing systems due to its durability and ease of use. It is important to consider the specific needs and budget of a project when choosing a pipe material, as well as local regulations and guidelines.
When compared to other pipe materials, HDPE has the advantage of being highly durable and resistant to corrosion. It is also easy to shape, making it a versatile option for plumbing applications. However, one potential drawback of HDPE is its higher cost compared to other plastic pipes, such as PVC.
In summary, HDPE is a reliable and durable option for plumbing applications, offering corrosion resistance, ease of shaping, and low friction for efficient water flow. However, its higher cost may be a consideration when choosing the best pipe material for a project.
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Frequently asked questions
The best plastic plumbing pipe depends on your particular situation. Some common types of plastic plumbing pipes include:
- Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes: These are among the most common plastic plumbing pipes today. They are affordable, durable, recyclable, and easy to work with. However, they are not suitable for hot water lines as they warp at high temperatures.
- Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes: These are flexible, lightweight, easy to install, and suitable for both hot and cold water lines. They are also inexpensive compared to copper. However, they are not very UV resistant and don't work well for outdoor applications.
- Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pipes: These pipes are extremely strong, resistant to extreme weather conditions, and easy to install. They are commonly used for vent and drain lines, as well as other outdoor underground uses.
Plastic plumbing pipes offer several advantages over metal pipes:
- They are resistant to corrosion, which is a common issue with metal pipes.
- They have low heat conductivity, maintaining the temperature of the water without creating condensation.
- They are non-reactive, whereas connecting two dissimilar types of metal pipes can cause them to react and corrode.
- They are lightweight and easy to install, reducing the amount of labour required.
- They are affordable and durable, with PVC pipes lasting up to 70 years without rusting or corroding.
No, PVC pipes are not suitable for hot water lines as they warp at high temperatures. If you need to transport hot water, consider using CPVC (chlorinated polyvinyl chloride) pipes, which are treated with chlorine to make them more resistant to high temperatures and pressures.
When choosing a plastic plumbing pipe, it's important to consider the specific application, your budget, and any local regulations or building codes that may apply. Consult with a professional engineer or plumber to ensure you select the right pipe for your project.
