Ethan Clarke
Plastic waste is a major environmental concern. However, not all plastics are safe to reuse, especially for food and beverage storage. The American Chemistry Council (ACC) recommends that all reusable plastic containers be washed with hot soapy water before reuse. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET or PETE) bottles, commonly used for soft drinks, juices, condiments, and water, are generally considered safe to reuse by the ACC after thorough washing. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) plastics, often used for milk and juice bottles, as well as yogurt and margarine tubs, are also deemed safe for reuse. Polypropylene (PP) plastics, identified by the recycling code #5, are used for items like drinking straws, syrup bottles, and yogurt containers, and are considered safe for reuse. However, it is important to avoid reusing plastics that may leach harmful chemicals, such as endocrine disruptors or bisphenol A (BPA), a synthetic hormone that can impact endocrine functions.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Plastic Number | 2, 4, 5 |
| Plastic Type | Polyethylene, Low-Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene |
| Plastic Name | High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Polypropylene (PP), Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) |
| Safe to Reuse | Yes, after washing thoroughly |
| Use Cases | Food packaging, bottles for soft drinks, juice, condiments, water, etc. |
| Concerns | Bacterial growth, chemical leaching, endocrine disruption, cancer risk, exposure to high temperatures, wear and tear |
| Suggested Alternatives | Reusable glass or stainless-steel bottles |
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What You'll Learn
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is safe to reuse after washing
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is one of the most common plastics used in various products, from water bottles and product packaging to baby wipes, clothing, and bedding. Due to its widespread use, the increasing consumption of PET products has led to a global crisis in waste management, as improper disposal causes significant environmental damage.
While PET is fully recyclable, only about 30% of it is actually recycled. It is important to note that PET is not safe for reuse without proper washing, as it can harbor harmful bacteria and chemicals. Bacterial growth can occur quickly from ordinary use, and even unfinished beverages left at room temperature can show significant bacterial growth throughout the day. Therefore, it is recommended to wash PET products thoroughly before reusing them.
In addition to bacterial growth, chemical leaching is another concern when reusing PET products. Antimony, a chemical often used in the production of PET, can leach into the contents and is regulated by agencies such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The EPA has set a limit of 6 parts per billion (6 micrograms/liter) for antimony in municipal drinking water. Other chemicals that may leach from PET include bisphenol A and phthalates, which have been linked to endocrine and reproductive issues, early puberty, endometriosis, and infertility.
To minimize the risk of chemical leaching, it is important to avoid exposing PET products to high temperatures, sunlight, or long storage times. Additionally, it is recommended to use beauty and skincare products that are phthalate and fragrance-free. While PET can be reused after proper washing, it is important to be aware of its heat restrictions, as PET containers may warp, contaminate, or affect the taste and odor of food when exposed to high heat. Safer alternatives to PET include plastic-free products made from materials such as glass, stainless steel, or wood.
Overall, while PET is safe to reuse after washing, it is important to follow proper cleaning and handling procedures to minimize the risk of bacterial growth and chemical leaching. Additionally, opting for reusable alternatives made from more sustainable materials can further reduce the environmental impact of plastic waste.
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High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is safe to reuse
High-density polyethylene (HDPE) is a type of plastic that is safe to reuse. It is commonly used in food packaging, such as milk bottles, juice bottles, and containers for yogurt and margarine. HDPE is also used for transporting water and storing items like school books. This plastic is known for its strength, durability, and resistance to moisture, insects, rot, and chemicals. It can also withstand higher temperatures than most other polymers.
The American Chemistry Council (ACC) recommends that HDPE plastic packaging can be safely reused after the original contents have been consumed. However, it is important to properly clean and wash these containers before reusing them to prevent bacterial growth and potential food contamination. While HDPE is generally considered safe for reuse, not all HDPE products are food-safe, and proper care should be taken during the manufacturing process to avoid eye irritation and inhalation issues.
HDPE is identified by a Resin Identifying Code (RIC) of "2." Recycling HDPE contributes to a reduction in resource consumption and pollution. Over 80% of U.S. households have access to plastics recycling programs, and recycling HDPE specifically helps create new, reusable, eco-friendly products. It is important to check with local recycling centers to understand their specific guidelines and accepted types of plastic.
While HDPE is safe to reuse, it is still a petroleum-based plastic. To further reduce environmental impact, some individuals may prefer to use reusable glass or stainless-steel bottles and containers instead of plastic. Additionally, when reusing any plastic, it is important to inspect the item for any cracks or scratches, as these can harbour bacteria and make it unsafe for reuse. Overall, while HDPE is considered safe for reuse, proper cleaning, handling, and disposal practices are crucial to ensuring the safety of the user and the environment.
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Polypropylene (PP) is safe to reuse
Polypropylene, derived from petroleum, is considered a safer plastic option by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). It is also FDA-approved for food contact, so it's commonly used in food containers like those that hold yogurt, cream cheese, and butter products. Polypropylene is also resistant to bacteria and chemicals, making it a popular choice for medical applications such as syringes, food trays, and pill containers.
Polypropylene is identified by a number 5 surrounded by a triangle, which is the Resin Identifying Code (RIC). It is known to be one of the safer plastics and is widely used in packaging materials due to its strength and low cost. It is also recyclable, making it a good plastic option.
However, it is important to note that polypropylene should be used in limited amounts as new studies have shown that polypropylene microplastics may be harmful to health. It is recommended to avoid heating food in polypropylene containers and to avoid reusing single-use packaging to minimize the risk of chemical leaching.
Overall, polypropylene is considered safe to reuse, but it is always important to follow proper cleaning and handling guidelines to ensure the safest use of any plastic product.
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Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is safe to reuse
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is a type of thermoplastic that is safe to reuse. LDPE is commonly used in packaging, such as plastic bags, bubble wrap, and beverage cartons. It is also used for protective films on new electronics and is the material used for six-pack rings for soda cans. LDPE is strong, flexible, and lightweight, making it ideal for protecting products during shipping. It is also corrosion-resistant, moisture-resistant, and chemically resistant.
LDPE is identified by the number four enclosed in a triangle, usually found on the bottom or side of the item. It is made from the polymerization of ethylene molecules derived from petroleum. This process involves extreme heat (up to 570 degrees Kelvin) and high pressure (up to 3000 atm). LDPE is stretchy, durable, and tough, with a semi-rigid structure due to its low crystallinity.
LDPE is recyclable, which is beneficial for the environment as it reduces waste in landfills and the demand for new raw materials. The FDA has approved "virgin" LDPE for direct contact with food, and it is generally considered safe for reuse. However, it is important to properly clean LDPE items before reusing them, as plastic bottles can harbour harmful bacteria and chemicals that can mix with the liquids inside.
LDPE is a versatile plastic with unique properties that make it a popular choice for manufacturing. Its flexibility, toughness, and corrosion resistance contribute to its widespread use in various industries, including consumer goods, agriculture, and electronics. LDPE is also used in water pipes and hoses due to its low water absorption rate.
Overall, LDPE is a safe and reusable plastic with a range of applications that make it a convenient and durable material for everyday use.
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Reuse plastic bottles as storage containers or for arts and crafts
Plastic bottles are labelled with a Resin Identifying Code (RIC), which indicates the type of plastic resin used to make the bottle. While this does not indicate whether the bottle can be reused or recycled, certain types of plastic are known to be safe for reuse. Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles, labelled with an RIC of "1", are fully recyclable and considered safe for reuse. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles are also recyclable. However, it is important to note that single-use plastic bottles are designed for just that—single use. Reusing these bottles for drinking is not recommended due to the risk of bacterial growth and chemical leaching.
If you choose to reuse plastic bottles for storage or arts and crafts, here are some ideas to get you started:
Storage Containers
- Use old detergent bottles for kitchen storage, such as storing dried foods or flour.
- Cut the top off a detergent bottle and glue the lid on to create a sealed bucket or container.
- Use old plastic bottles to store plastic bags for later reuse.
- Clean out laundry detergent containers and punch holes in the cap to create a watering can for your plants.
- Turn plastic bottles into pencil cases for kids or even yourself.
Arts and Crafts
- Create a hanging planter by cutting and decorating a plastic bottle of any size.
- Make a bird feeder using a plastic bottle, string, scissors, a pencil, and bird seed.
- Get creative and turn a plastic bottle into a vase. You can use wool, paint, or felt to decorate it.
- Make a lid lamp by painting a plastic bottle and adding stick-on eyes and a plant.
- Recycle plastic pill bottles into organisers for your giant purse or bag.
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Frequently asked questions
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET or PETE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and polypropylene (PP) plastics are considered safe to reuse.
Plastics are labelled with a Resin Identifying Code (RIC), usually moulded or printed in raised type on the bottom of the item. PET is labelled with an RIC of "1", HDPE items are labelled with an RIC of "2", LDPE plastics are labelled with an RIC of "4", and polypropylene plastics are labelled with an RIC of "5".
Yes, it is recommended to avoid plastics labelled with an RIC of "7" as they are made from non 1-6 resins or more than one resin, which may contain harmful chemicals such as Bisphenol A (BPA). PVC plastics should also be avoided for food packaging applications as they may leach harmful chemicals.
It is important to wash all reusable plastic containers with hot, soapy water before reuse to prevent bacterial growth and chemical leaching. Some plastics may also emit toxic chemicals if exposed to high temperatures, so it is important to consider the original purpose of the packaging and follow any heat restrictions.
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