Sofia Martinez
Neoplasticism, also known as 'new art', is an abstract art style that emerged from the De Stijl movement. The term was coined by Dutch artist Piet Mondrian, who, along with Van der Leck and Van Doesburg, set out the philosophical basis for the art theory. Neoplasticism advocated for a purified abstract art, using only the most basic elements of painting – colour, line and form – in their purest, most fundamental state. Mondrian's paintings, for example, only used primary colours and non-colours, squares and rectangles, and straight, horizontal or vertical lines.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Coined by | Piet Mondrian |
| Term Origin | Dutch: 'de nieuwe beelding' |
| Translation | New Art |
| Other Translation | 'new image creation' or 'new structure' |
| Painting Characteristics | Horizontal and vertical lines, squares and rectangles, primary colours, non-colours, and straight lines |
| Architecture Characteristics | Asymmetrical composition, unified interior and exterior, use of planes, black, white, and grey colours |
| Graphic Design and Typography | New typographical alphabet for posters, book and magazine covers, and signage |
| Philosophy | Universal over the individual, spiritual over the natural, abstract over the real, non-figurative over the figurative, intuitive over the rational |
| Ideals | Harmony, simplicity, and abstraction |
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What You'll Learn
- Neo-plasticism, or Nieuwe Beelding, was coined by Piet Mondrian
- It is an abstract art style that reduces aesthetic experience to basic components
- It uses only primary colours, non-colours, squares, rectangles, and straight, horizontal or vertical lines
- It is a Dutch art movement founded in 1917 by artists and architects based in Leiden, Voorburg and Laren
- The Rietveld-Schröder House is an example of Neo-Plastic architecture
Neo-plasticism, or Nieuwe Beelding, was coined by Piet Mondrian
Neo-plasticism, or Nieuwe Beelding, was a term coined by Dutch-born artist Piet Mondrian. Mondrian was a pioneer of abstract art, and his work with the De Stijl group helped to popularise the term and the artistic movement it described.
The term 'Neo-plasticism' was first used by Mondrian in 1917, when he wrote a series of twelve articles called 'De Nieuwe Beelding in de schilderkunst' ('Neo-Plasticism in Painting') for the journal De Stijl. The term was derived from the Dutch 'de nieuwe beelding', which translates roughly to 'new image creation' or 'new structure'. In French, it was rendered as 'néo-plasticisme', and later translated literally into English as 'Neo-Plasticism'.
Mondrian's Neo-plasticism was an art theory that advocated for a purified abstract art, using a set of elementary principles. This meant that paintings following Neo-plasticism would consist of a balanced composition of simple geometric shapes, right-angled relationships, and primary colours. Mondrian himself described this as "a pure representation of the human mind", and believed that art should be expressed in its "aesthetically purified, that is to say, abstract form".
The De Stijl group, which included Mondrian as a principal member, initially adopted his Neo-plasticist principles. However, in 1924, the group rejected these principles in favour of Elementarism, which included the use of dynamic diagonal lines and more colour. Despite this, Mondrian continued to develop the Neo-Plastic vocabulary, experimenting with colour lines and thin black lines to form grids in support of coloured forms.
The principles of Neo-Plasticism have since been widely practiced in graphic design and typography, and have influenced architecture and interior design, with the Rietveld Schröder House being a famous example of Neo-Plastic form.
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It is an abstract art style that reduces aesthetic experience to basic components
Neoplasticism, or Neo-Plasticism, is an abstract art style that reduces the aesthetic experience to its basic components. It is characterised by the use of simple geometric shapes, right angles, straight horizontal and vertical lines, and primary colours. The term was first coined by the Dutch artist Piet Mondrian in 1917, who used it to describe his own type of abstract painting. Mondrian, along with Van der Leck and Van Doesburg, set out the philosophical basis for the art theory, originally known as "Nieuwe Beelding" or "new image creation".
The Dutch term "beeldend" translates to "image-forming" or "image-creating", while "nieuwe beelding" means "new image creation" or "new structure". The term "plastic arts" refers to the moulding or shaping nature of art forms such as painting and sculpture, which involve the use of materials that can be manipulated. Neoplasticism sought to transcend the changing appearances of natural things and bring the audience into contact with an immutable core of reality, a spiritual vision rather than a visible fact.
Mondrian's Neo-Plasticism rejected the particulars of appearance, such as natural form and colour, in favour of abstraction. This meant that his art was limited to primary colours and non-colours, squares and rectangles, and straight horizontal and vertical lines. He extended the use of black lines to form a grid in support of the coloured forms. This aesthetic can be seen in his paintings from the 1940s, such as "New York" and "Broadway Boogie-Woogie", which were created after he moved to New York City and felt a renewed sense of energy and vitality.
The principles of Neo-Plasticism have been applied beyond painting and sculpture, influencing graphic design, typography, and architecture. In architecture, the Rietveld Schröder House is a well-known example of Neo-Plastic form, using lines and planes painted in primary colours, white, black, and grey to create an asymmetrical composition.
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It uses only primary colours, non-colours, squares, rectangles, and straight, horizontal or vertical lines
The Dutch artist Piet Mondrian is known for coining the term Neo-Plasticism, which he used to describe his own type of abstract painting. Mondrian's work was based on a set of elementary art principles, using only primary colours, non-colours, squares, rectangles, and straight, horizontal or vertical lines.
Mondrian's work was influenced by Cubist painting, as well as the mysticism and ideas about "ideal" geometric forms in the neoplatonic philosophy of M. H. J. Schoenmaekers. He was also influenced by Neopositivism. In his work, Mondrian sought to express a perfectly harmonious abstract concept, reducing the aesthetic experience to its most basic components to express the harmony of the human spirit.
The term 'Neo-Plasticism' comes from the Dutch 'de nieuwe beelding', which translates to 'new art' or 'new image creation'. It was first used by Mondrian in a series of twelve articles called 'De Nieuwe Beelding in de schilderkunst' ('Neo-Plasticism in Painting'), published in the journal De Stijl. The journal was founded in 1917 by a group of artists and architects, including Mondrian, and became synonymous with the emerging art movement of Neo-Plasticism.
The principles of Neo-Plasticism were not limited to painting and were also applied to architecture, sculpture, and graphic design. The Rietveld Schröder House, designed and built by Gerrit Rietveld, is a famous example of Neo-Plastic architecture. It uses lines and planes painted in primary colours, white, black, and grey, to create an asymmetrical composition that unifies the interior and exterior of the house.
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It is a Dutch art movement founded in 1917 by artists and architects based in Leiden, Voorburg and Laren
Neo-plasticism, also known as Nieuwe Beelding in Dutch, is a Dutch art movement founded in 1917 by artists and architects based in Leiden, Voorburg and Laren. The term was first coined by Piet Mondrian, who wrote a series of twelve articles called De Nieuwe Beelding in de schilderkunst ("Neo-Plasticism in Painting") that were published in the journal De Stijl. The journal was published by the Dutch painter, designer, writer, poet and critic Theo van Doesburg, who was also a principal member of the group.
The other principal members of the group included painters Piet Mondrian, Vilmos Huszár, and Bart van der Leck; architects J.J.P. Oud, Jan Wils, Gerrit Rietveld, Robert van 't Hoff; sculptor and painter Georges Vantongerloo; and poet and writer Antony Kok. The art theory that formed the basis of the group's work was Nieuwe Beelding, which was later translated to Neo-Plasticism in English. This theory was based on the idea that art should be a pure representation of the human mind, free from the impurities and chaos of the representational world.
The Neo-Plastic style is characterised by the use of only horizontal and vertical lines, rectangular forms, and primary colours. It advocated for a purified abstract art, using a set of elementary art principles. Thus, a painting that followed Neo-Plastic art theory would consist of a balanced composition of simple geometric shapes, right-angled relationships, and primary colours. The principles of Neo-Plasticism were not limited to painting but also extended to architecture, sculpture, music, and literature.
The Rietveld Schröder House, designed by Gerrit Rietveld, is a famous example of Neo-Plastic architecture. It embodies the Neo-Plastic form and utopian aspirations, using lines and planes painted in primary colours, white, black, and grey. Another example is the facade created by J.J.P. Oud for the Cafe de Unie in Rotterdam, which caused controversy with its coloured, asymmetric, horizontal and vertical design.
The term "Neo-Plasticism" is derived from the Greek word "plastikos", which means "to mould or shape". It refers to the plasticity of the art form, allowing for the creation of new structures and images. The Neo-Plastic movement aimed to bring the audience into intimate contact with an immutable core of reality, a spiritual vision beyond the changing appearance of natural things.
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The Rietveld-Schröder House is an example of Neo-Plastic architecture
The Rietveld-Schröder House in Utrecht is an iconic example of Neo-Plastic architecture. It was commissioned by Ms Truus Schröder-Schräder and designed by the architect Gerrit Thomas Rietveld in 1924. The house is considered a manifesto of the ideals of the De Stijl group of artists and architects in the Netherlands in the 1920s.
The De Stijl movement, also known as Neoplasticism, was founded in 1917 by a group of artists and architects based in the Netherlands. The term 'Neo-Plasticism' was coined by Piet Mondrian, a pioneer of abstract art, for his type of abstract painting that used only horizontal and vertical lines and primary colours. Mondrian's work was based on the belief that art should be a pure representation of the human mind, expressed in an aesthetically purified, abstract form.
The Rietveld-Schröder House is the only building that meets all the principles of Neo-plastic architecture. The house's facades avoid any kind of symmetry or established order, focusing instead on pure forms and basic colours. The living area is a wide room with plenty of natural light, located on the second floor. The space is formed by planes and primary colours, with a system of sliding and revolving panels that can convert the room into three private bedrooms and a living room.
The Neo-Plastic style of the house is also reflected in its furniture. The famous Red and Blue Chair, designed by Gerrit Rietveld in 1923, was placed in the house against black walls and floors, making the chair's floating colour rectangles stand out. Rietveld was less concerned with physical comfort and more interested in creating new forms of furniture to achieve a sense of spiritual harmony and social order.
Overall, the Rietveld-Schröder House is a remarkable example of Neo-Plastic architecture, showcasing the principles of the De Stijl movement and the innovative ideas of Gerrit Rietveld.
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Frequently asked questions
The Dutch artist Piet Mondrian is known for coining the term Neo-Plasticism, which he used to describe his own type of abstract painting.
Theo van Doesburg, Vilmos Huszár, Bart van der Leck, J.J.P. Oud, Jan Wils, Gerrit Rietveld, Robert van 't Hoff, Georges Vantongerloo, and Antony Kok were all members of the De Stijl group, which initially adopted Mondrian's principles.
Neo-Plasticism advocated for a purified abstract art, using only the most fundamental elements of painting: primary colours and non-colours, squares and rectangles, and straight horizontal and vertical lines.
The principles of Neo-Plasticism became widely practiced in graphic design and typography, and influenced the Bauhaus style and the international style of architecture, as well as clothing and interior design.
De Stijl was a Dutch art movement founded in 1917 by a group of artists and architects. The art theory that formed the basis for the group's work was originally known as Nieuwe Beelding in Dutch, which was later translated to Neo-Plasticism in English.
