Chloe Zhang
Plastic model kits are a popular hobby for many, with vehicles being the most common subjects. These kits are replicas of various subjects, ranging from military aircraft, ships, and tanks to science fiction themes, model cars, trucks, and figure models. Almost all plastic models are designed in a well-established scale, with each type of subject having one or more common scales. The scale of a model is its size relative to the size of the real version. For example, a 1/24 model car will be 1/24th the size of a real car. The smaller the number in the scale, the larger the kit will be relative to the item. The general aim is to allow the finished model to be of a reasonable size while maintaining consistency across models for collections.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Scale Definition | The "scale" of a model is its size relative to the size of the "real" version. |
| Scale Expression | Expressed as a ratio with a colon (e.g. 1:8 scale) or as a fraction with a slash (e.g. 1/8 scale). |
| Scale Ratio Meaning | 1 length unit on the model represents the same number of units on the full-size subject. |
| Common Scales for Cars | 1/8, 1/12, 1/16, 1/18, 1/20, 1/24, 1/25, 1/32, 1/35, 1/43 |
| Common Scales for Aircraft | 1/24, 1/32, 1/48, 1/72, 1/100, 1/144 |
| Common Scales for Military Vehicles | 1/16, 1/24, 1/32, 1/35, 1/48, 1/72, 1/76 |
| Common Scales for Ships | 1/72, 1/96, 1/144, 1/200, 1/350, 1/400, 1/450, 1/600, 1/700 |
| Common Scales for Figures | 1/72, 1/48, 1/35, 1/24, 1/16, 1/13, 1/8, 1/6, 1/4 |
| Common Scales for Railways | 1:43.5 (O scale), 1:76.2 (OO scale), 1:87 (HO scale) |
| Scale and Size Relationship | Smaller scale number = larger kit size (relative to the actual item) |
| Kit Contents | Plastic parts, decals/stickers, thread, vinyl tires, metal details, instructions, diagrams, painting guides |
| Kit Assembly | "Snap-together" form or plastic glue assembly |
| Customisation | Unique paint schemes, extra decals, scratch-built parts, airbrushing, sanding, polishing |
| Kit Manufacturers | Hasegawa, Tamiya, DML, AFV Club, Trumpeter, Academy Plastic Model, Finemolds |
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What You'll Learn
Scale definition
Scale is a crucial aspect of plastic model cars, defining their size relative to the actual vehicle being replicated. The scale is indicated as a ratio, such as 1:24 or 1/24, where the real car is 24 times larger than the model. This means a 1/24 scale model car will be 1/24th the size of its real-life counterpart. For example, if a Ford Mustang measures 188 inches in length, its 1/24 scale model will be approximately 7.8 inches long.
The choice of scale for model cars varies, with common options including 1/18, 1/24, 1/43, and 1/64. Each scale offers different advantages and considerations. The 1/18 scale, for instance, provides a balance between size and detail, allowing for high-quality, realistic models at various price points. The 1/43 scale, on the other hand, is historically significant as the size of the first miniature cars and is prized by collectors for its compact size and affordability.
The 1/24 scale is particularly popular in the United States due to its blend of size and realism, although it may not offer as wide a range of choices as other scales. For those seeking even smaller options, the 1/64 scale captures intricate details in a compact size, reminiscent of childhood toy cars. These smaller scales are ideal for dioramas, while larger scales like 1/8 and 1/6 are more suitable for stand-alone displays.
The selection of scale often depends on personal preferences, available space, and the desired level of detail. Smaller scales, such as 1/72, may be more suitable for those with limited space, while larger scales like 1/12 or 1/18 can showcase intricate details and are favoured by enthusiasts who appreciate the finer aspects of the models. Ultimately, the choice of scale allows modellers to create collections that maintain consistency in size while offering a reasonable level of detail and visual appeal.
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Common scales for model cars
The "scale" of a model car refers to its size relative to the size of the real car. For example, a 1:24 scale model car is one-twenty-fourth the size of the real car. The smaller the number in the scale, the larger the model will be.
There are several common scales for model cars, each with its own advantages and use cases. Here are some of the most popular ones:
1:64 scale: Known for its use in "Hot Wheels" and "Matchbox" cars, 1:64 scale is very popular among collectors due to its compact size, affordability, and wide availability. Models in this scale are small, typically around 4 to 5 inches (10.2 to 12.7 cm) long, but still offer a reasonable amount of detail.
1:43 scale: This is the most popular scale for model cars worldwide, especially in Britain, Europe, Japan, and Australia. Models in this scale are usually around 7.5 centimetres long, offering a good balance between size and detail.
1:32 scale: This scale is an intermediate size and is commonly used for model tractors and other agricultural vehicles. Vintage car models are also often found in this scale.
1:24 scale: This scale offers a detailed representation of the original vehicle while still being easy to handle. Models in this scale are typically 6 to 8 inches (15.2 to 20.3 cm) long and may include functional parts such as opening doors and hoods.
1:18 scale: This is one of the largest scales for model cars, with models typically measuring around 8 to 11 inches (18 to 20 cm) in length. These models are highly detailed and targeted towards adults.
1:12 scale: Models in this scale offer exceptional detail and accuracy and often include functional parts. They are less common due to their larger size, which requires ample display space.
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Choosing a scale
There are standard scales for model cars, and these are the most common: 1/24, 1/32, 1/48, 1/72, 1/100, and 1/144. The most popular scales are 1/48 and 1/72. Some other less common scales are also available, such as 1/8, 1/12, 1/16, 1/18, 1/20, 1/25, 1/35, and 1/43.
You might want to consider the size of the model you want to build and how much detail you want to include. Smaller scales, like 1/144, will result in a smaller model that may not have as much detail as a larger-scale model. Larger scales, like 1/12, will give you a bigger model with more space for intricate details.
Additionally, think about your display space. If you have limited space, a smaller-scale model might be a better option. If you have room for a larger model, go for it! You can also consider the skill level required for different scales. Smaller scales may be more challenging to assemble and paint due to the finer details.
Finally, you can also choose a scale that is commonly used for other types of models. For example, the HO scale (1:87) is commonly used for model railroads, so if you want to display your car with a model train, this scale might be a good choice.
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Assembly and customisation
Plastic model car kits are available in a variety of scales, and the assembly process can vary in complexity depending on the kit's design and the modeller's skill level. Some kits are designed for beginners, with simple "'snap-together' construction, while others require glue and other hobby tools for assembly.
Before beginning assembly, it is important to carefully review the instructions included with the kit. The instructions will provide essential guidance on the proper techniques for assembling the various parts of the model car. It is also recommended to inspect all the parts and identify any potential issues, such as missing or damaged pieces.
The assembly process typically involves removing the parts from the sprues, cleaning up any excess material or flash, and test-fitting the pieces to ensure a proper fit. Depending on the complexity of the kit, the assembly may involve sub-assemblies, where smaller sections of the model are constructed separately before being joined together to form the complete car.
During the assembly process, modellers often have the opportunity to customise their model cars. Customisation can range from simple modifications, such as choosing different colours or adding aftermarket decals, to more complex alterations that involve scratch-building or kitbashing. For example, modellers may choose to add custom engines, modify the body, or incorporate lighting effects for a unique look.
After the basic structure of the model car is assembled, the finishing touches can be applied. This includes painting the model, adding any remaining decals or vinyl stickers, and weathering or detailing to enhance the realism. The level of customisation and detailing can vary depending on the modeller's preferences and skills. Some modellers strive for absolute accuracy and realism, while others may prefer to emphasise the creative aspects and explore imaginative designs.
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History of plastic model cars
The history of plastic model cars is a long and fascinating one, reflecting advancements in materials science and the growing popularity of hobbies like model-building, particularly during the 20th century. The very first plastic models were made from materials like celluloid and Bakelite, which were in use during the first half of the century. However, it was the development of synthetic plastics in the early 1900s that truly revolutionized the hobby.
The first commercial plastic model kits appeared in the 1930s, with the first major plastic model kit manufacturer, Revell, being founded in 1956. These early kits were often made from celluloid or early forms of polystyrene. During World War II, there was a significant increase in the demand for model aircraft, ships, and military vehicles, which further boosted the popularity of plastic models. The war also brought about advancements in plastics technology, with the development of styrene plastic—the material that would become synonymous with model kits.
The 1950s and 1960s are often considered the Golden Age of Model Kits. Companies like Monogram, Revell, Airfix, AMT, and Aurora became household names among hobbyists, offering detailed models of military aircraft, ships, tanks, cars, and even dinosaurs. During this time, new plastic molding techniques allowed for increased detail and complexity, and kits began to include additional parts like decals and painting guides.
The Model Products Corporation (MPC), founded in the early 1960s, was one of the largest plastic model car companies in the world. They produced an estimated 8 million models per year, including licensed items such as Star Wars model kits that became highly sought-after collectibles. MPC, along with other companies like Jo-Han and AMT, played a crucial role in the foundation of the model car kit industry, with AMT reproducing full-scale cars in 1:10 scale and then reducing them to 1:25 scale using pantographs.
The 1970s and 1980s saw a diversification in the model industry, with new genres like science fiction, fantasy, and vehicles from pop culture emerging. Companies like Tamiya and Revell Monogram continued to innovate, adding new techniques and improving overall quality. The 1990s and beyond brought the digital age to model design, with 3D CAD software enabling more precise and detailed designs, and manufacturers experimenting with complex parts and materials like resin and photo-etched metals.
Today, plastic model kits continue to have a dedicated following, with a global community of model builders pushing the boundaries of detail and realism. With the adoption of new technologies like 3D printing and digital decals, the hobby has become more accessible to beginners while also offering greater possibilities for advanced modelers.
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Frequently asked questions
The scale of a model car is its size relative to the size of the real car. For example, a 1:24 scale model car is 24 times smaller than the real car.
The most common scales for model cars are 1/8, 1/12, 1/16, 1/18, 1/20, 1/24, 1/25, 1/32, 1/35, and 1/43.
The right scale for your model car depends on your preference for size, detail, and display space. Smaller scales are usually used for dioramas, while larger scales (1/8 and 1/6) are popular for stand-alone models.
