
The chemical industry is facing a crisis due to the environmental and reputational damage caused by plastic waste. However, this presents an opportunity for the industry to embrace a new model of product stewardship that includes dealing with plastic waste. By taking the lead on plastic waste recycling, chemical companies can add a new dimension to the industry, unlock new business opportunities, and help solve the plastic waste problem. For instance, chemical recycling can reduce the amount of plastic waste that ends up in landfills and produce high-quality raw materials, thus decreasing demand for fossil fuels and contributing to a circular economy. Additionally, reusing plastics can reduce industrial carbon emissions and generate significant profit-pool growth for the petrochemicals and plastics sector.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Public opinion | Consumers are increasingly concerned about plastic waste, and this is leading to regulatory moves to ban or restrict plastic use. |
| Industry response | The chemical industry is mobilizing to address the issue, moving beyond the "use-once-and-discard" approach and embracing an expanded definition of product stewardship that includes dealing with plastic waste. |
| Profitability | Plastic waste recycling could represent a significant business opportunity, with potential profit pool growth of up to $60 billion for the petrochemicals and plastics sector. |
| Environmental impact | Reusing plastics can help reduce total industrial carbon emissions and contribute to a circular economy. |
| Technology | Chemical recycling technologies, such as pyrolysis, gasification, hydro-cracking, and depolymerization, can convert plastic waste into raw materials for new plastic, fuel, or other chemicals. |
| Job creation | The development of the chemical recycling sector has the potential to create new jobs. |
| Policy and regulation | A strong policy and regulatory framework is needed to support the adoption of chemical recycling, along with more public-private partnerships. |
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What You'll Learn

The public's demand for action on plastic waste
The chemical industry, which includes major plastic producers, is deeply implicated in the eyes of the public. As a result, industry leaders are moving beyond the traditional "use-once-and-discard" approach and embracing an expanded definition of product stewardship that includes dealing with plastic waste. This is not just a response to societal demands but also a condition for the industry to retain its license to operate.
The public's concern about plastic waste is translating into action. For example, major customers, such as the consumer-packaged-goods (CPG) industry, are ramping up efforts to increase recycled content and reduce their plastic consumption. Additionally, there is a growing trend of companies partnering with other firms to develop chemical recycling processes under public pressure. This presents an opportunity for the chemical industry to build a new and profitable branch based on recycled plastics, which could represent a significant profit pool.
Furthermore, the public is demanding more sustainable practices from plastic producers, and chemical recycling is being hailed as a potential solution. Chemical recycling can convert polymeric waste into raw materials for manufacturing plastics or other products, reducing the amount of plastic that ends up in landfills and contributing to a circular economy. While chemical recycling is still a fairly new technology with some challenges, it has the potential to produce high-quality recycled plastic indistinguishable from new plastic.
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The chemical industry's response to the crisis
The chemical industry is starting to respond to the plastic waste crisis. The industry is mobilizing to move beyond the use-once-and-discard approach and embrace an expanded definition of product stewardship that includes dealing with plastics waste. This is not only what society demands but also represents a profitable new business opportunity.
Industry leadership has started to declare that its concept of stewardship and sustainability now extends to dealing with plastics waste. There is a recognition that the "use once and discard" model should be replaced by a new model where plastic products are recycled and reused. This presents an opportunity for the industry to build a new and profitable branch based on recycled plastics, which could represent a profit pool of as much as $55-60 billion a year worldwide by 2030.
To achieve this, the chemical industry will need support from regulators, major plastics users such as consumer-packaged-goods companies, and consumers. There is also a need for increased investment in chemical recycling technologies, which can complement other plastic recycling options and reduce the amount of plastic that ends up in landfills. Chemical recycling can produce high-quality raw materials, reduce demand for fossil fuels, and promote domestic businesses and employment.
However, chemical recycling is still fairly new, and there are challenges to its widespread adoption, including high startup and operating costs, and limited incentives for recycling innovation and investment. Nevertheless, there is a significant increase in planned chemical recycling investment: from EUR 2.6 billion in 2025 to EUR 8 billion in 2030. This increased investment confirms the determination of the industry to address the problem of plastic waste.
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The potential for a new profitable business model
The chemical industry is facing a crisis due to the environmental damage and public backlash caused by plastic waste. This has led to regulatory moves to ban or restrict plastic use, especially in the European Union. However, this crisis also presents an opportunity for the industry to transform and expand its activities in plastic waste recycling.
One area of focus is mechanical recycling, which currently dominates the plastic recycling industry. However, it is expensive, labor-intensive, and often results in lower-quality plastics. Chemical recycling, on the other hand, offers a potential solution by converting polymeric waste into raw materials that can be used to manufacture new plastics or other products. This process can handle complex plastic waste streams and reduce the amount of waste that ends up in landfills, contributing to a circular economy.
Another area of opportunity is the development of improved technologies for mechanical recycling and the creation of markets for polymers made from mechanical recycling. Chemical companies can partner with innovative start-ups to advance these technologies and find new applications for recycled plastics. This includes the production of high-quality raw materials, reducing the demand for fossil fuels and other natural resources.
By aligning with society's demands for sustainability and stewardship, the chemical industry can build a new and profitable branch based on recycled plastics. This could represent a significant profit pool, estimated at \$55-60 billion per year by 2030. However, it requires support from regulators, major plastics users, and consumers, as well as significant investments to fully capture the value of this technology.
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The role of chemical recycling
The chemical industry is facing a crisis due to the public outcry over plastic waste pollution. This has led to a consumer backlash and regulatory moves to ban or restrict plastic use, especially in the European Union. As a result, the industry is now moving beyond the use-once-and-discard approach and embracing an expanded definition of product stewardship that includes dealing with plastic waste.
Chemical recycling is the process of converting polymeric waste by changing its chemical structure and turning it back into substances that can be used as raw materials for manufacturing plastics or other products. It can be used for plastic waste that would otherwise end up in incineration or landfill. There are different chemical recycling technologies, such as pyrolysis, gasification, hydro-cracking, and depolymerization. For example, pyrolysis can turn mixed plastic waste into naphtha, which can then be cracked into petrochemicals and plastics.
Chemical recycling could be a way to overcome some of the limitations of mechanical recycling, which is currently the dominant technology for plastic recycling. Mechanical recycling is hampered by contamination and a high variety of plastic waste streams, and it often results in lower-quality plastics. In contrast, chemical recycling can handle complex plastic waste streams and produce high-quality raw materials, reducing the demand for fossil fuels and other natural resources. It is also more tolerant of contamination and yields polymers that are identical to the originals, eliminating downcycling.
The development and widespread adoption of chemical recycling technologies require further investments, a strong policy and regulatory framework, and more public-private partnerships. However, with significant planned investments in chemical recycling and ongoing projects in the EU, there is a clear determination to address the plastic waste problem and contribute to a circular economy for plastics.
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The need for investment and policy changes
The chemical industry is facing a crisis due to the environmental damage and public backlash caused by plastic waste. As a result, there is a growing need for investment and policy changes to address this issue.
One key area requiring investment is the development of chemical recycling technologies. Chemical recycling can convert polymeric waste into raw materials for manufacturing plastics or other products. It can handle complex plastic waste streams that would otherwise end up in landfills or incineration. While some chemical recycling technologies are already in use, such as pyrolysis, gasification, hydro-cracking, and depolymerization, there are also ongoing projects to improve these technologies and make them more widespread. However, chemical recycling currently faces challenges such as high startup and operating costs, and limited incentives for innovation and investment.
To address these challenges, public-private partnerships and increased investment from the industry are necessary. The industry has already seen a significant increase in planned investment in chemical recycling, with estimates projecting a growth from EUR 2.6 billion in 2025 to EUR 8 billion in 2030. This trend aligns with the European Commission's Circular Plastics Alliance target of 10 Mt recycled plastics used in European products by 2025.
In addition to investment, policy changes are also required to support the transition to a circular economy. Policymakers play a crucial role in incentivizing chemical recycling over disposal and promoting advanced recycling technologies. They must also address the challenges associated with existing plastic production and recycling methods. The European Union has already taken steps in this direction by implementing new regulations on plastics and working towards reducing plastic consumption and increasing recycled content.
Furthermore, the chemical industry itself must embrace a broader definition of product stewardship that includes dealing with plastic waste. Industry leadership has begun to acknowledge the need to move away from the "`use once and discard` model" and towards a more sustainable approach. By taking the lead on plastic waste recycling, chemical companies can not only help solve the environmental crisis but also create new profitable business opportunities.
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Frequently asked questions
Currently, only about 9% of plastics in the US and 15% in Europe are recycled, with the majority of the waste going to landfills and energy recovery. The dominant technology for plastic recycling, mechanical recycling, is expensive, labour-intensive, and produces lower-quality plastics.
Plastic waste recycling can help the chemical industry expand its activities and add a new dimension to the industry. It also presents an opportunity to build a new and profitable branch of the industry, with a potential profit pool of up to $60 billion.
Plastic waste recycling can reduce the amount of plastic that ends up in landfills, thereby reducing the release of harmful chemicals into the environment. It also contributes to reducing total industrial carbon emissions and promotes the development of a circular economy.
Some challenges include high startup and operating costs, limited incentives for innovation and investment, and the need for a strong policy and regulatory framework. Additionally, mechanical recycling, the current dominant technology, is hampered by contamination and the high variety of plastic waste streams.
Lactel, the flagship brand of the Lactalis group, has started producing UHT milk bottles made of recycled high-density polyethylene. Brightmark Energy is constructing a $260 million plant in Ashley, Indiana, that will convert 100,000 tonnes of plastic waste into diesel, naphtha, and industrial wax annually.











































