Ethan Clarke
A toilet flange, also known as a closet flange, is an essential component in any modern bathroom, serving as the connection point between the toilet and the floor, as well as the drainpipe. While plastic toilet flanges, made from PVC or ABS, are widely used due to their affordability and ease of installation, it's important to understand their limitations. Plastic flanges are susceptible to breakage if over-tightened, and they generally have a shorter lifespan compared to metal alternatives like stainless steel or brass, which offer better sealing and longevity. However, plastic flanges are still a popular choice due to their resistance to corrosion and compatibility with standard 3-inch or 4-inch drain pipes.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Material | Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), rubber, metal |
| Durability | Less durable than stainless steel flanges |
| Installation | Easier to install than cast iron flanges |
| Corrosion | More prone to corrosion than stainless steel flanges |
| Strength | Less strong than cast iron flanges |
| Cost | More affordable than stainless steel and cast iron flanges |
| Maintenance | Requires replacement over time due to wear and tear |
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What You'll Learn
Plastic vs. metal rings
Toilet flanges, also known as closet flanges, are pipe fittings that connect a toilet to the drainage system while also securing it to the finished floor. They are usually made of PVC, rubber or metal.
The choice between metal and plastic rings depends on personal preference. Metal rings offer adjustability with a 360-degree swivel, which can be useful if floor joists prevent the closest flange from being centred during installation. Metal rings also add strength and cracking resistance to the flange. Stainless steel rings are also corrosion-resistant.
Some installers prefer plastic rings because they believe they will not corrode. Plastic rings are also more economical than PVC flanges and are resistant to water, heat and shock. However, plastic rings are more likely to break if over-tightened.
Toilet flanges are also available in other materials such as cast iron, brass, copper and aluminium. Cast iron flanges are strong and can support heavy toilets without breaking, but they are susceptible to rust and corrosion. Copper flanges are also highly resistant to corrosion and are easy to install due to their malleability. Brass flanges are strong, will not rust or corrode, and are available in multiple sizes. Pure aluminium flanges are highly corrosion-resistant, while aluminium alloys are extremely strong and tough.
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PVC and ABS plastics
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) are two of the most commonly used plastics today. They are both rigid, durable, and low-cost plastics suitable for injection-moulded components. However, they have distinct characteristics that make them better suited for specific applications.
PVC is a crystalline thermoplastic, which means its molecular structure is regular and tightly bonded, giving it durability and rigidity. Its thermoplastic nature also allows it to be heated and remoulded into new shapes. PVC's temperature range for moulding is between 68°F and 140°F, and it melts between 338°F and 410°F. It is used in the medical, construction, and automotive industries due to its durability and resistance. In plumbing, PVC piping is known for its robustness, waterproof qualities, and corrosion resistance. PVC is also used for doors and windows in construction.
ABS is characterised by its lower density and melting point, making it ideal for applications requiring lightweight materials and ease of processing. It is well-suited for products with complex designs and high-gloss surface requirements. ABS is commonly used in automotive parts, electronics housings, and injection moulding. Objects printed with ABS tend to have slightly higher strength, flexibility, and durability compared to PVC. However, ABS is more susceptible to deformation when exposed to sunlight, so it may require additional protection from UV radiation.
Both PVC and ABS are used in pipes due to their non-toxic and abrasion-resistant properties. They are resistant to most acids, alkalis, and salts but not to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. They can be used above or below ground. PVC pipes are generally considered more challenging to install than ABS pipes, as they require a primer and gluing process.
When it comes to toilet flanges, both PVC and ABS types are available. A toilet flange, also known as a closet flange, connects the toilet to the drainage system and secures it to the floor. PVC flanges are the most common type. The choice between PVC and ABS for toilet flanges depends on the specific application and personal preference. PVC flanges are known for their durability and corrosion resistance, while ABS flanges offer ease of installation and flexibility.
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Stainless steel flanges
A toilet flange, also known as a closet flange, is a pipe fitting that connects a toilet to the drainage system while also securing it to the finished floor. The market offers a variety of flange types based on material composition, such as plastics (PVC, ABS), cast iron, brass, copper, or stainless steel.
When installing a stainless steel flange, it is important to avoid rust by using stainless steel screws. Angle valves made of stainless steel provide great resistance to corrosion and can control water flow to the toilet.
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Cast iron flanges
A toilet flange, also known as a closet flange, is a pipe fitting that connects a toilet to the drainage system while securing it to the finished floor. The market offers a variety of flange types based on material composition, including plastics (PVC, ABS), cast iron, brass, or other materials based on specific application needs.
Cast iron toilet flanges are one of the oldest types and are more common in older homes. They are very strong and can support heavy toilets without breaking. They are durable and can last for years without cracking or falling apart. They are also repairable, depending on the extent of the damage. However, they are best suited for pipes located lower than the subfloor. Cast iron flanges are susceptible to rust, and if maintenance is neglected, the flange will rapidly corrode. They are also heavier and more challenging to install than other flange types.
Oatey® Cast Iron Closet Flanges are designed for use with plastic pipe or heavyweight, service weight, or no-hub cast iron soil pipe. Installation does not require caulking, and the package includes the body, brass ring, bolts, and gasket. These flanges are installed on the outside of either a 3" or 4" pipe and can be secured to the subfloor with fasteners. Oatey also offers a Cast Iron Deepset Closet Flange with a 4" deep-set barrel, which is useful when the pipe is lower or the floor is raised.
While cast iron flanges offer superior strength compared to plastic flanges, they come with some drawbacks, including susceptibility to rust and heavier weight, making installation more challenging. In contrast, plastic flanges are lightweight and easy to install but may be more prone to breaking if over-tightened. Ultimately, the choice between cast iron and plastic flanges depends on specific application needs and personal preferences.
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Brass flanges
A toilet flange, also known as a closet flange, is a pipe fitting that connects a toilet to the drainage system while securing it to the floor. Usually made of PVC, rubber, or metal, this piece is circular in shape and is typically secured in place with bolts.
While plastic toilet flanges are commonly used, they are prone to corrosion and breakage if over-tightened. Stainless steel flanges, though more expensive, offer better sealing and longevity. Cast iron flanges, commonly found in older homes, are strong and durable but susceptible to rust.
Brass toilet flanges offer a strong, durable, and corrosion-resistant alternative to plastic and cast iron options. They are easy to shape and can withstand the test of time. Brass flanges are available in various sizes and finishes, including polished, satin, antique, brushed nickel, and chrome/copper. They are also customizable, ensuring seamless integration with your project's unique requirements.
When choosing a toilet flange, it is crucial to consider durability and compatibility with your plumbing system. Brass flanges provide a sophisticated and elegant option that blends functionality with aesthetics. With their meticulous crafting and premium materials, brass flanges are designed to serve your project for years or even decades.
In summary, while plastic toilet flanges are widely used, they may not offer the same level of durability as brass flanges. Brass flanges stand out for their strength, resistance to corrosion, and aesthetic appeal, making them a reliable and refined choice for your plumbing needs.
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Frequently asked questions
A toilet flange, also known as a closet flange, is a pipe fitting that connects a toilet to the drainage system while also securing it to the floor.
Toilet flanges are commonly made of plastic (PVC, ABS), cast iron, brass, copper, stainless steel, or aluminium.
Plastic toilet flanges are typically made of PVC or ABS plastic. They are affordable, water-resistant, and heat-resistant. However, they are more likely to break if over-tightened compared to metal flanges.
A toilet flange will eventually need to be replaced, but a good quality one may last over a decade. You will know it needs replacing if you notice leaks at the base of your toilet or if the toilet becomes unstable and rocks back and forth.
