Sofia Martinez
Joining ABS and PVC is a common task for plumbers and handypersons, but it is important to understand the best method to use to ensure a strong and long-lasting connection. While some sources suggest that ABS and PVC can be glued together, others advise against this, recommending the use of mechanical couplings such as Fernco or Mission couplings instead. This article will explore the various methods for bonding ABS plastic to PVC, including the use of adhesives, solvents, and mechanical couplings, and provide guidance on choosing the most appropriate method for your project.
Characteristics of bonding ABS plastic to PVC
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Mechanical coupling | Fernco or Mission |
| Glue | All-purpose glue, solvent cement, or purple primer |
| Joint strength | Glued ABS-PVC connections with purple primer are as strong as PVC-PVC connections with purple primer |
| Joint failure | Glued ABS-PVC connections are highly unlikely to fail |
| Joint separation | Glued ABS-PVC connections refused to come apart without a vice |
| Welding | ABS and PVC pipes are welded through a chemical bonding process with the solvent cement |
| Solvent welding | Cannot be reliably solvent welded |
| Transition coupling | Required in every jurisdiction |
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What You'll Learn
Using a mechanical coupling
It is possible to join acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) using a mechanical coupling. This method is preferred over gluing, as the use of glue or solvent cement is not permitted under section 705.10 of the plumbing code.
When connecting plastic pipes made of different materials, an approved listed adapter or transition fitting must be used. Specifically, a transition coupling is required in every jurisdiction. One such adapter features a stainless steel band in the middle for added rigidity and UPC approval. Fernco couplings are another option and are similar to no-hub connectors; when installed correctly, they will last a lifetime. To install a Fernco coupling, simply push the two pieces of pipe together until they meet in the middle, and then tighten down the band clamps.
In addition to using a mechanical coupling, some sources suggest using glue to join ABS to PVC. However, this is not recommended as it is not technically correct, and there may be issues with the glue failing over time.
It is important to note that ABS and PVC are two commonly used plastics for drain, waste, and vent pipes inside homes. For most systems, a plumber will use one material or the other, not both, which makes connections simpler.
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Using a fernco coupling
Fernco couplings are flexible rubber fittings that can be used to join two pieces of pipe together. They are often used to connect ABS and PVC pipes and can be installed by pushing the two pieces of pipe into the coupling until they meet in the middle and then tightening the band clamps. Fernco couplings are known for their durability and flexibility, accommodating the thermal expansion and contraction of pipes.
When using a Fernco coupling to bond ABS plastic to PVC, it is important to select the right coupling for your pipe size. Measure the outside diameter of your pipe to choose the appropriate coupling. Slide the coupling onto the pipes, ensuring a snug fit, and then tighten the stainless-steel or steel bands with a torque wrench to secure the connection.
Fernco couplings are designed to provide a leak-proof connection and can last for many years, with some reports of them remaining functional for decades. They are particularly useful when there is not enough flexibility to use a glued fitting, such as when pipes are underground or under footings. In some cases, local codes may require the use of Fernco couplings when joining ABS with PVC.
However, it is worth noting that Fernco couplings may not be suitable for all applications. For example, they may not be approved for use within foundation walls in certain regions, such as California. Additionally, there have been concerns about the potential for rubber couplers to deteriorate over time, especially when buried in cement slurry.
To address these concerns, some people have suggested using marine glue or sealants like Sikaflex 291 to reinforce the joint and protect the steel bands and screws from corrosion. It is always a good idea to consult with local building codes and plumbing professionals to ensure that your installation meets the necessary standards and will provide a long-lasting solution.
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Using glue
Although it is generally advised to use a mechanical coupling to join ABS to PVC, it is possible to use glue. ABS is generally easy to bond, and most glues will work with it.
For smaller DIY projects, you can use cyanoacrylate glue (super glue). For structural situations, a structural adhesive is recommended. MS polymer adhesives are considered the best option when bonding ABS. Polyurethane-based adhesives are another option, although they require you to prepare the surface of the substrate before application. They also have a cure time that is affected by external temperature.
When gluing ABS to PVC, it is important to use the correct type of glue for each material. Using PVC glue for PVC and ABS glue for ABS is recommended. It is also important to use a purple primer that complies with ASTM F656. The glue should meet ASTM D 2564, the standard for solvent cement for PVC.
Although gluing ABS to PVC is not technically correct, it is highly unlikely to fail. Some sources even claim that failure is close to impossible. One source mentions that the only way to separate the two materials after gluing them together was to use a vice.
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Using a purple primer
While it is possible to join ABS to PVC, it is not recommended to use glue to do so. Instead, a mechanical coupling should be used. However, if you wish to use glue, you can use a purple primer to create a strong bond.
The purple primer is necessary to clean the pipe and ensure a secure bond. It is a water-thin solvent used in conjunction with PVC cement to create the best possible joint. It also acts as a pre-softener and is suitable for all types of PVC pipes and fittings. The primer is especially useful for poorly fitting PVC, as it causes the plastic to swell slightly, providing a tighter fit.
To use the purple primer, start by ensuring that the surfaces to be joined are clean and free of dirt, moisture, oil, and other foreign materials. Then, apply the purple primer that complies with ASTM F656. After applying the primer, use a solvent cement that complies with ASTM D 2564 on all joint surfaces.
It is important to note that the purple primer may leave a purple stain on your hands and surfaces, so it is recommended to wear gloves and cover surrounding areas when applying it. Additionally, always refer to the manufacturer's instructions and take the necessary safety precautions when working with any adhesives or solvents.
Although using a purple primer can create a strong bond between ABS and PVC, it is still advisable to follow the recommended installation methods and use mechanical couplings for a secure and long-lasting connection.
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Using a transition coupling
Transition couplings, such as Fernco couplings, are a popular method for joining ABS with PVC. These mechanical couplings are flexible and easy to use, making them a preferred choice in many cases. They feature stainless steel clamps on both ends, providing a secure connection without the need for special adhesives. This option is ideal for drainage, waste, and vent systems where different pipe materials meet.
When using a transition coupling, it is important to ensure that the fit is correct and there is no tension on the joint. This will help prevent any potential leaks or failures over time.
To install a transition coupling, begin by cleaning the ends of the pipes that will be joined using a clean rag to remove any dirt, grease, or moisture. Next, lightly sand the outside of the ABS pipe and the inside of the PVC fitting to create a texture that the coupling can grip onto. Wipe away any sanding dust before placing the coupling and securing it with the stainless steel clamps.
Transition couplings are a reliable and efficient way to join ABS and PVC pipes, providing a strong and leak-proof connection. They are widely used and offer flexibility in integrating different piping systems.
It is important to note that local plumbing codes may vary, and some regions may not permit solvent welding between ABS and PVC. Always check and comply with local building codes and standards to ensure your project meets the necessary requirements.
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Frequently asked questions
No, it is not recommended to use glue to bond these two materials. Instead, a transition or Fernco coupling should be used.
A Fernco coupling is similar to a no-hub coupling. When installed correctly, it will last a lifetime.
While it is not recommended to glue these two materials together, PVC glue can be used to bond ABS/ABS and ABS/PVC. However, it is important to check your local building codes as some jurisdictions may not allow this practice.
Yes, Mission couplings or mechanical couplings can also be used.
Yes, it is important to ensure that the surfaces are clean, dry, and free from dirt, moisture, oil, and other foreign materials before applying any glue. Additionally, a purple primer that complies with ASTM F656 should be used, along with a solvent cement that meets ASTM D 2564.
