Sofia Martinez
Building plastic geometrical figures can be a fun and educational activity for both children and adults. Plastic geometric shapes are often used as educational tools for children to learn about math and geometry. They can be used to illustrate the relationships between area, volume, shape, form, and size. For adults, building plastic models of military vehicles such as tanks, airplanes, and ships can be a rewarding hobby that requires patience and attention to detail. There are various techniques involved in building plastic models, such as using plastic cement or glue to join different parts, sanding, test-fitting, and painting. Whether you're a child exploring geometry or an adult building a detailed military model, constructing plastic geometrical figures can provide a sense of accomplishment and enhance your understanding of shapes and their properties.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Materials | Plastic, glue, cement, fiberglass, foam, resin |
| Tools | Sprue cutters, hobby knife, tweezers, airbrushes, brushes |
| Techniques | Cutting, sanding, test fitting, layering colors, plastic welding |
| Types of models | Military vehicles (tanks, airplanes, ships), 3D-printed models |
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What You'll Learn
Choosing the right plastic model kit
Determine the Subject and Your Skill Level
First, decide on the subject you want to build. Popular subjects include military-themed kits such as aircraft, ships, and tanks, as well as cars, trucks, and science fiction themes. Figure out your skill level and choose a kit that matches it. If you're a beginner, consider getting a starter set, which typically includes a smaller, simpler model, glue, a brush, and basic paint colours.
Choose the Scale and Size
Most plastic models are designed in specific scales, which determine the size of the finished model relative to the actual item. For example, a 1/24 scale model car will be one-twenty-fourth the size of a real car. Common scales vary depending on the type of subject. For aircraft, the most popular scales are 1/48 and 1/72, while for cars, the most common scale is 1/24, which offers a good balance between detail and size.
Consider the Complexity and Time Commitment
Generally, as plastic models get bigger, they also become more complex and time-consuming to build. Consider how much time you're willing to dedicate to building your model and choose a kit that aligns with your available time. Smaller and simpler kits are ideal for those with limited time or who are just starting out.
Select a Reputable Brand
Look for well-known brands that are known for producing quality model kits. Airfix, for instance, is a popular and established brand in the UK. Other popular manufacturers include Eduard-Models, Tamiya, Trumpeter, and AMT.
Read Reviews and Instructions
Before purchasing a kit, read reviews from other builders to get a sense of the assembly process, the quality of the instructions, and any potential challenges or issues they encountered. Make sure you carefully review the instructions included with your kit to ensure you have the necessary tools and skills to complete the build.
Remember, building plastic models is a rewarding hobby that allows you to recreate intricate replicas of real-life or fictional items. Take your time, choose a subject and kit that excites you, and don't be afraid to start with simpler models before progressing to more complex ones.
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Using plastic cement to join parts
Joining plastic parts with cement or glue is a common method for building plastic models. There are a variety of plastic cements and adhesives available, and choosing the right one for your project is essential. Here is a step-by-step guide to using plastic cement to join parts and create plastic geometrical figures:
Identify the Plastic Type
Firstly, identify the type of plastic you are working with. Different plastics require different types of glue or cement. For example, clear, brittle plastics like imitation glass or CD cases are usually polystyrene, and a poly cement will work best on these. On the other hand, Lego blocks are made of ABS plastic, and an epoxy cement is suitable for this type of plastic. Knowing the type of plastic will help you choose the right adhesive.
Prepare the Plastic Parts
Before gluing, it is important to prepare the plastic parts. Wash the plastic with soap or a specialized plastic cleaner to remove any grease or oil residue. Dry the parts thoroughly. Then, lightly sand the edges of the parts with fine-grit sandpaper (120-200 grit) to create a rough surface for the glue to adhere to. Steel wool or emery cloth can also be used for this step, but be careful not to over-sand the plastic.
Choose the Right Adhesive
Select an appropriate adhesive for the type of plastic you are using. Some common types of plastic cement include solvent cement, epoxy cement, and poly cement. For example, if you are joining two ABS pipes, you would use ABS solvent cement. If you are working with PVC pipes, you would need PVC solvent cement. Universal solvent cement can be used for a variety of plastic types, but it may not create as strong a bond as specialized cements.
Test Fit and Mark Alignment
Before applying any cement, dry fit the plastic parts together to understand how they will join. If you are attaching a curved piece, mark the alignment of the joints with a permanent marker. This will help you align the parts correctly when applying the cement.
Apply the Cement
Work quickly and methodically when applying the solvent cement. Wear gloves to protect your hands, and use a brush or cotton ball to wipe an even layer of cement on the appropriate surfaces of the plastic parts. Follow the instructions on the cement packaging for specific application guidance and drying times.
Join the Parts
After applying the cement, quickly join the plastic parts according to your test fit and alignment marks. Hold the parts together securely until the cement sets. Refer to the cement's instructions for information on drying and curing times.
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Painting your model
Painting your plastic geometrical model can be a tedious yet rewarding process. Here are some tips to help you get started:
Preparation
Before you begin painting, it's important to have a clean and well-lit workspace. Set up your workspace in a bright room or use a lamp to illuminate your model. You'll also need a stable surface to work on and some old newspapers or other materials to protect your work area. Additionally, you may want to use a paint rack to safely store your paints and any small painted parts as they dry.
Cleaning the Model
Before you start painting, it's important to clean your model to ensure that dust particles or contaminants don't get sealed into your paint job. Fill a bowl with warm water and add a mild detergent or dish soap. Submerge your model in the soapy water and use a soft-bristled brush or a clean toothbrush to gently clean it for about a minute. Then, rinse the model under clean water and dry it with a soft, clean cloth.
Priming
Primer helps the paint adhere to your model and can provide a neutral base coat. However, it can also fill in intricate details, so consider skipping the primer if you're not handling your model regularly or if you want to preserve fine details. If you do use a primer, follow the manufacturer's instructions for mixing and application.
Painting Techniques
There are several methods you can use to paint your plastic geometrical model, including airbrushing, brush painting, and spray painting. Each method has its own advantages and disadvantages, so choose the one that best suits your model and skill level. If you're using spray paint, it's a good idea to apply a base coat in a single colour and then add details or additional coats with a brush. For intricate details, brush painting may be the best option. Always follow the manufacturer's instructions for mixing and applying paint, especially when using water-based acrylics, as these often require specific thinners and hardeners.
Patience and Persistence
Painting your plastic geometrical model takes time and patience. Don't rush the process, and allow yourself enough rest and time for implementation. Painting techniques like colour modulation can help achieve depth and realism, but they require precision and persistence.
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Applying decals and finishing touches
Surface Preparation:
Start by ensuring that the target area where you wish to apply the decal is clean and free from debris, dirt, or glue marks. Use a hobby knife or sandpaper to remove any imperfections, and consider priming the surface with a base coat for a uniform finish.
Decal Application:
Use tweezers or a soft brush to handle the decals and avoid touching them with your fingers, as oils can affect adhesion. Carefully apply the decals, taking your time to ensure they adhere properly. Some decals may require a setting solution or adhesive for better adhesion. If you encounter silvering, use a pin to prick tiny holes and apply more setting solution.
Drying and Sealing:
Allow the decals to dry completely. Once dry, seal them with a clear coat. This protects the decals and integrates them into the overall finish. You can choose between a gloss, matte, or satin clear coat, depending on the desired appearance. An even thinner layer is ideal, as it enhances the details without obscuring them.
Finishing Details:
After the clear coat has dried, you can add the finishing touches. This includes adding smaller parts such as antennas, weapons, or accessories. You can also add weathering effects like dirt, rust, or wash to give your model a more realistic, worn look. Remember to work with washes carefully to avoid overpowering shadows or fine details.
Display and Enjoy:
Once you're satisfied with the finishing touches, you can attach your model to a diorama base or any other realistic setting. Enjoy your completed plastic geometrical figure and display it proudly! Remember, each model is an opportunity to refine your skills and express your creativity.
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Gluing or welding plastic
Gluing Plastic
Gluing plastic involves using adhesives to join two plastic surfaces. While traditional gluing methods are widely used, they present several drawbacks. Firstly, gluing can be a slower process compared to other methods. Secondly, the adhesive materials used in gluing can be expensive. Lastly, the chemicals in adhesives can affect workers' health, requiring proper ventilation equipment to ensure employee safety.
Welding Plastic
Plastic welding is a superior alternative to gluing, offering stronger and more durable bonds. It involves using vibrations and/or spin welding to join plastics at the molecular level, resulting in a homogenous bond. Here are some key points about plastic welding:
- Newer nitrogen welders with high-heat control improve the melting of base plastic and enhance the flow of the plastic rod, increasing repair speed and durability.
- Fiber-filled plastic filler rods contribute to increased repair strength, allowing for more complex repairs.
- Spin welding, infrared welding, and ultrasonic welding are common plastic welding techniques that create strong and long-lasting bonds.
- Training is essential for successful plastic welding. Technicians must be versed in the procedures to avoid frustration and ensure efficient repairs.
- Plastic welding machines with built-in electronics can help prevent damage to heating elements, reducing equipment repair costs.
- When choosing a plastic welding machine, consider requesting a demonstration from the vendor to ensure it meets your requirements.
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Frequently asked questions
The first step is to choose the right plastic model kit for your skill level.
Essential tools for building plastic models include sprue cutters, a hobby knife, tweezers, glue or plastic cement, and paintbrushes or airbrushes.
The assembly process involves sectioning, trimming, and dry-fitting components, cutting them carefully from the sprue without damaging them, sanding the edges, and finally gluing the parts together.
After assembling the model, you can apply a base coat of paint to create a uniform surface. Then, add thin layers of paint to achieve the desired colour without leaving brush marks. For more intricate details, paint smaller components and add effects like rust or dirt for a realistic finish.
