Alexei Volkov
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, commonly known as ABS, is a popular choice for plumbing systems due to its ease of installation and ability to create water/airtight joints. When connecting ABS pipes, it's essential to use an approved solvent cement (glue) specifically designed for this material. This guide will explore the dos and don'ts of connecting ABS plastic drains, ensuring secure and effective connections. From preparing the pipe surface to selecting the right tools and techniques, we'll cover everything you need to know to confidently tackle your next plumbing project involving ABS drains.
Characteristics and Values of ABS Plastic Drain Connections
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Type of cement used | Solvent cement, also known as glue |
| Type of glue used | Multipurpose cements, transition cement |
| Type of joints | Slip joints |
| Types of pipes connected to | PVC, copper, galvanized, cast iron, clay |
| Tools required | Slip nut wrench |
| Surfaces to be glued | Water, dirt, oil and identification stickers to be removed |
| Pipe color | Black |
| Pipe composition | Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene |
| Pipe strength | Stronger than PVC |
| Pipe flexibility | Less flexible than PVC |
| Soundproofing | Better than PVC |
| Shock resistance | Better than PVC |
| Typical use case | Drain, waste and vent (DWV) systems |
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What You'll Learn
Using transition cement
Transition cement can be used to join ABS and PVC pipes. However, it is important to note that this practice is not recommended by plumbing codes in the US. It is also important to ensure that the transition cement is specifically designed for this purpose, as some cements are only meant to connect an ABS system to a PVC system and not for bonding the two materials directly.
When using transition cement, it is important to follow the instructions on the product carefully. In general, the surfaces to be joined should be cleaned and free of dirt, moisture, oil, and other foreign materials. Some transition cements may also require the use of a primer, such as a purple primer that complies with ASTM F656. It is also important to ensure that the pipe surfaces are prepared properly for cementing, as this will impact the strength of the weld. For example, PVC pipe must be primed before cementing, while CPVC and ABS pipes do not require a primer.
The type of cement used will depend on the specific application. For example, Oatey® ABS to PVC Transition Medium Bodied Green Cement is recommended for DWV-sewer applications and can be used to join ABS to PVC in non-pressure transition joints up to 6 inches in diameter. This product has excellent gap-filling properties and is easy to apply with the included in-lid dauber. It is important to note that cure times can vary depending on a number of factors, so it is important to review the product instructions carefully.
When working with transition cement, it is important to prioritize safety and proper sanitation. This includes following all cautions and instructions for using solvents, cements, or glues, as well as taking appropriate precautions to protect yourself and the surrounding area from any potential hazards.
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Using a slip-fit trap adapter
Connecting ABS plastic drains can be done in several ways, one of which is by using a slip-fit trap adapter. This method is useful when connecting a brass tub drain to an ABS P-trap, which often have different outer diameters.
A slip-fit trap adapter is glued to the actual drain pipe, and the trap tail, which is smaller and thinner, is then slid into the adapter. The trap tail is then clamped and sealed by the adapter. This method is straightforward and does not require any specialised tools or equipment.
When using a slip-fit trap adapter, it is important to ensure that the correct type of glue is used. While some sources suggest using cement or transition cement to bond the adapter to the drain pipe, this may not be advisable, as certain types of cement are not approved by plumbing codes in some countries. Instead, it is recommended to use glue that is specifically designed for bonding ABS pipes.
In addition to the slip-fit trap adapter, other components may be required to complete the connection. For example, a rubber gasket may be needed to ensure a tight seal between the adapter and the trap tail. It is also important to consider the size of the pipes and adapters to ensure a proper fit.
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Connecting to PVC
Connecting ABS to PVC
ABS (black plastic) and PVC (white plastic) are the two commonly used plastics for drain pipes inside homes. While a plumber will usually use one or the other, you may find that you need to connect the two.
Transition cement
You can use a transition cement to make a connection between PVC and ABS for Drain-Waste-Vent applications. This method is not suitable for pressure applications. You can find this type of cement at home improvement stores. However, note that some plumbing codes disallow the use of multipurpose cements.
Transition coupling
A transition coupling consists of a rubber sleeve and a steel jacket. First, fit a neoprene rubber sleeve over each pipe. Then, hold it tight with a stainless steel metal jacket and integral clamps. Make sure the coupling is designated for plastic-to-plastic connections.
Other methods
Some sources suggest using glue to connect ABS and PVC. However, this is generally not recommended, as the two materials are not supposed to be glued together. Additionally, you may need to attach a ""P" trap adapter to mechanically place the drain.
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Using a rubber sleeve and metal jacket
Connecting ABS plastic drain pipes usually involves joining them to PVC pipes. While some sources suggest using glue or cement to connect the two types of pipes, this is not allowed by most plumbing codes. A more effective and approved method is to use a transition coupling, which consists of a rubber sleeve and a metal jacket.
Transition couplings are designed to connect dissimilar pipes, such as ABS and PVC, and they are available in different types, each designed for varying types of pipe. The rubber sleeve fits over each pipe end to create a watertight seal, while the metal jacket, usually made of stainless steel, slides over the sleeve and is tightened with integral clamps. Before purchasing a transition coupling, ensure that it is suitable for your pipe types.
To install the coupling, first prepare the pipes with a saw and sandpaper. Then, push one end of the rubber sleeve onto one of the pipes and roll the sleeve, folding it over the portion wrapped around the pipe. Position the other pipe under the first pipe, then unroll the folded piece of the sleeve over the new pipe. Once the rubber sleeve is in place, slide the metal jacket down and tighten the clamps to secure the connection. Optionally, use a socket wrench to create a snug connection.
It is important to note that transition couplings are not the only solution for connecting dissimilar pipes. Other options include using male and female fittings with pipe thread tape or glue, or employing union adapters with rubber washers. However, when joining ABS and PVC pipes, a transition coupling is the recommended method to ensure a secure and code-compliant connection.
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Using a threaded ABS fitting
Using threaded ABS fittings is a common way to connect ABS pipes to other piping systems. These fittings come in both male and female varieties and provide a cleanout access point. When using threaded fittings, it is important to avoid over-tightening, as this can cause the fittings to crack. A good rule of thumb is to turn the fitting one full turn past hand-tight.
To ensure a successful connection, the surfaces of the ABS pipe and the fitting must be clean and free of water, dirt, oil, and any other foreign material. This is crucial for the adhesive to work effectively. It is also important to note that only Teflon tape or ABS-approved thread sealants should be used with ABS pipes. Petroleum-based compounds, such as pipe dope, should be avoided as they can deteriorate the pipe.
When connecting ABS to PVC pipes, it is essential to use the correct type of cement. While there are multipurpose" cements available, these are not recommended as they do not meet plumbing standards. Instead, use a cement specifically designed for connecting ABS to PVC, which can be found at most home improvement stores.
In some cases, a mechanical coupling may be required to connect ABS to other pipe materials. For example, when joining ABS to cast iron, a flexible rubber adapter called a "donut" can be used with plumber's grease to create a tight seal. Mechanical fittings, such as those with the brand name "Fernco," are also available for transitioning ABS to copper, galvanized, cast iron, clay, and other pipe materials.
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Frequently asked questions
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or ABS, is a type of plastic drain that is used solely for drainage, waste, and vent (DWV) in plumbing systems. It is not used in pressurized applications.
To connect two ABS pipes, you can use an approved solvent cement (glue). Ensure the pipe is cut squarely and deburred, and that the surface is free of water, dirt, oil and identification stickers. Apply glue to both surfaces and couple them together.
While it is not recommended, it is possible to connect ABS to PVC piping. You can use a rubber sleeve and metal jacket to clamp the connection, or a slip-fit trap adapter. You can also use a transition cement, but this is only meant to connect an ABS system to a PVC system, such as inside and outside a building.
A P-trap connection is an assembly of PVC tubing shaped like the letter "p" on its side, which prevents sewer gas from entering the home through the drain/waste/vent (DWV) pipes.
ABS piping is installation-friendly, requiring little time or special tools for cutting and joining. It is also cost-effective and can resist a higher shock or impact compared to PVC.
