Maya Ellison
Plastic trim pieces are a common feature in vehicle interiors and exteriors. They are affordable and aesthetically pleasing, but they tend to grow brittle and fade after prolonged sun exposure. While it is possible to replace the entire trim, repairing the old piece is a more cost-effective option. The type of repair depends on the plastic type and the extent of the damage. For instance, if the plastic trim piece has snapped in two, the pieces must be positioned together before epoxying or welding. If the plastic trim is only discoloured, a heat gun or torch can be used to restore its original shine.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Adhesives | Super glue, 3M double-sided tape, 3M Exterior Attachment Tape, 5-minute epoxy, JB Weld, E-6000 glue, Fasco Epoxo 88, Fusor 100EZ, silicone adhesive, Alien Tape, VHB tape |
| Other tools | Heat gun, trim dressings, paint, sandpaper, acetone, fibreglass mesh, plastic welding tool |
| Preparation | Identify the type of plastic, clean the area, roughen the surface, tape up the visible side, use adhesion promoter |
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What You'll Learn
Choosing the right glue
When choosing the right glue to reglue plastic auto trim pieces, it's important to consider the type of plastic the trim is made of. Polypropylene (PP) is a common type of plastic used for auto trim pieces, and it requires a specific type of adhesive for effective bonding. Olefin-based plastics, such as polypropylene and polyethylene (PE), have low surface energy, which means they react to very few bonding agents.
LORD Corp.'s Fusor 100EZ is a strong adhesive specifically designed for polypropylene. While it is a pricey option, it is known for its strength and effectiveness on this type of plastic. Another option for polypropylene trim pieces is Weldyx Master 5, a two-component adhesive that can be applied using a glue gun. However, the glue gun and cartridges can be quite expensive, and a special solvent is needed for cleaning.
If you are looking for a more affordable option, JB Weld or similar products like cyanoacrylate (CA) glue, also known as super glue, can be used. While the oily types of super glue may not provide a strong bond, JB Weld is known to work on a wide range of materials. When using super glue, a spray activator can also be employed to enhance its effectiveness and ease of use. However, it's important to note that super glue is not flexible and may not be suitable for surfaces that require flexibility, such as rubber.
For smaller trim pieces or those that don't require a direct bond to the body paint, double-sided tape can be an alternative solution. 3M offers a range of tapes, including exterior attachment tapes, that can provide a strong bond without damaging the paint. These tapes are designed to withstand weather extremes and are commonly used in automotive applications.
Ultimately, the right glue or adhesive will depend on the specific trim piece you are working with and the type of plastic it is made of. It's always a good idea to research and choose products that are specifically designed for the material you are working with to ensure a strong and long-lasting bond.
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Sanding and painting
Once the area is masked off, the next step is to sand the surface. Sanding is crucial to achieving a smooth finish and ensuring the paint adheres well. It is advised to use several different grit levels of sandpaper, ranging from 150-grit to 1200-grit or even 220-grit for a finer finish. The goal is to remove any imperfections, bobbles, or raised marks, as well as the shiny surface of the plastic. This process should be done gradually, working up through the grit levels, and ensuring a consistent, smooth finish. It is important to note that if you sand down to the plastic, you will need to use a plastic adhesion promoter before applying the primer.
After sanding, the trim piece should be cleaned with warm or soapy water to remove any dirt, grease, or debris left by the sandpaper. This step ensures that the surface is ready for the application of the primer. The primer should then be sprayed onto the surface, held around 6-7 inches away, to promote adhesion and a lasting paint job. Once the primer is dry, a final sanding can be done with fine-grit sandpaper (220-grit) to ensure an even smoother finish for the final coat of paint.
When painting, it is essential to wear a respirator, such as a vapor/particulate-rated model, to protect yourself from chemical vapors. For the paint itself, it is recommended to use automotive paint suitable for use on plastics, such as British Standard Aerosols, RAL Colour aerosols, or Caliper aerosols. Spraying thin coats of paint, around 6 inches from the surface, is crucial to preventing runs in the paint. It is advised to wait about 10 minutes between each coat, and the piece should be left to dry for at least 4 hours before handling. For a shiny appearance, a clear lacquer can be applied over the paint.
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Using tape
Firstly, select a suitable tape for your specific car trim. Double-sided mounting tape is often recommended for this purpose, with 3M being a popular brand. Their VHB tape comes in various widths and sizes, and is used by auto manufacturers to attach trim and accessories. Other recommended tapes include Alien tape, 3M 5200, and 3M Exterior Attachment Tape, 38582.
Before applying the tape, ensure the surface is clean and free of any residue. You can use an all-purpose cleaner diluted with water and a toothbrush to gently clean the area. If there is any leftover adhesive, you can use products like WD-40, Detachol, or kerosene to safely remove it without damaging the surface.
When you're ready to apply the tape, cut it into smaller strips that fit lengthwise onto the back of the trim. The more pieces of tape you use, the stronger the adhesion will be. Place the tape pieces onto the trim, avoiding any areas that will touch the paint body of the car. Once you're happy with the placement, remove the protective liner from each strip of tape. Press the trim firmly onto the desired area of the car and hold it in place for a moment to allow the tape to bond the two surfaces together. For added security, you can use masking tape to hold the trim in place for an hour or so.
Allow the tape sufficient time to cure and create a resilient bond. This can take around 24 hours, depending on the type of tape used.
By following these steps and using the appropriate tape, you can effectively use tape to reattach plastic auto trim pieces.
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Identifying the plastic type
Identifying the type of plastic used in your car's trim pieces is an important step before regluing them. This is because the repair procedure and materials required depend on the type of plastic you're working with.
There are several methods to identify the type of plastic in your car. Firstly, you can look for an SAE code typically stamped on the rear of the trim piece. You can then match this code with the one found in the Plastic Identification and Refinishing Systems section of Service Information (SI). This will help you determine whether the part is made of thermoplastic or thermoset material, and whether it is rigid or flexible. Thermoplastics are semi-rigid plastics that usually require an adhesion promoter, whereas thermosets are flexible and do not require an adhesion promoter.
If there is no SAE code, you can identify the plastic type through its appearance and feel. For example, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) feels harder and more crinkly, whereas low-density polyethylene (LDPE) is thinner and makes a louder, crackling noise when handled. Another way to differentiate between these two types is by sound: HDPE produces a crisp, crinkly sound, whereas LDPE makes a softer, swishing sound. Additionally, most HDPE has a translucent, milky white coating, whereas LDPE is thinner and more flexible.
You can also identify plastics by looking for international recycling symbols. These symbols are usually three arrows forming a triangle with a number in the middle, indicating the plastic type. For instance, Symbol 1 represents polyester and PET plastics, while Symbol 2 represents High-Density Polyethylene. Symbol 6 is for polystyrene, which is stiff, rigid, and clearer than most opaque plastics.
Another method to distinguish plastics is by their reaction to fire. However, this method is not recommended due to the potential harm to health and the environment. Polyethylene burns with blue flames and yellow tips, while PVC plastic produces yellow flames with green tips.
Finally, a simple way to differentiate between broad groups of plastics is by establishing whether they float or sink in water. Polyolefins, which include High-Density Polyethylene, Low-Density Polyethylene, and Polypropylene, generally float, while other plastics tend to sink.
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Repairing complex problems
Identify the Type of Plastic
Firstly, it is crucial to identify the type of plastic used in your car's trim. Most auto manufacturers will print "PP" on the back of the part to indicate it is made from polypropylene. If not, it could be polyethylene, which is another type of polyolefin plastic. Knowing the specific type of plastic will help you choose the right adhesive and repair techniques.
Prepare the Surface
Before beginning the repair, ensure the surface is clean and free of any residual glue, dirt, or oils. Use a wax and grease remover to thoroughly clean the area. If there is a crack, examine it closely to determine its full extent, as patching only a section may lead to the crack growing again. If the trim piece has snapped in two, check if the pieces fit together or if there are any missing bits. Position everything correctly before moving on to the next steps.
Use Modelling Clay and Sandpaper
For missing sections or complex breaks, you can use modelling clay to recreate the missing piece. Roughen the repair area with sandpaper or a Dremel tool to create a better adhesion surface. Use masking tape to protect the visible areas of the trim that do not need repair.
Apply Adhesive
Choose an adhesive that is specifically formulated for bonding polypropylene or polyethylene plastics. Super glue (cyanoacrylate) can be used, but avoid oily types as they don't stick well. You can also use epoxy glue, such as JB Weld, which works on various surfaces. Two-part epoxies like Fasco Epoxo 88 are ideal for complex repairs. Remember to use only as much glue as you need, as adding more will not fix the problem.
Finish with Paint
Once the glue has dried, you can use sandpaper to smooth out any excess glue and create a uniform surface. Use Rust-Oleum Truck Bed Liner or a similar product to regenerate the plastic grain. Finish the job with a paint that matches the rest of your car's trim. You can use Rustoleum Painters Touch semi-gloss black paint or a textured automotive aerosol paint.
Remember that repairing complex problems may require patience and practice. Take your time, follow the instructions carefully, and don't be afraid to seek additional guidance if needed.
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Frequently asked questions
The best glue depends on the type of plastic being glued. Most plastic trim pieces are made from polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE), which are types of olefin-based plastic. Olefin-based plastics require a specific adhesive formulated for olefin bonding, such as LORD Corp.'s Fusor 100EZ. Other glues that can be used include JB Weld, cyanoacrylate (CA), or super glue.
Double-sided tape can be used as an alternative to glue. Tapes such as 3M's VHB tape or Alien tape are commonly used for attaching trim pieces.
Before gluing, it is important to clean the plastic trim piece and the surface it will be attached to. Any residual glue, dirt, or oils should be removed. If there is a crack in the trim piece, the entire length of the crack should be glued to prevent it from growing again.
After preparing the surface, apply the glue or adhesive to the trim piece and attach it to the desired surface. If using an epoxy, the epoxy should be allowed to cure for 24 hours before touching or using the vehicle.
If the plastic trim piece is crack-free and only needs to be revitalized, a heat gun, trim dressings, or restorers can be used to restore its colour. Painting over the entire piece of trim can also help restore its appearance.
