Ethan Clarke
Sanding is an essential step in the model-making process, from smoothing out rough edges to prepping surfaces for painting. When it comes to plastic models, there are a variety of tools and techniques available to achieve the desired finish. The direction of sanding depends on the material: for wood, always sand with the grain to avoid scratches, whereas plastic models can be sanded in any direction due to the absence of grain. Wet-and-dry paper is a versatile option, offering an even finer finish when used with water, and is suitable for both plastic and wood. For harder-to-reach areas, needle files or fine sanding mesh can be used, with varying grit sizes depending on the desired level of smoothness.
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What You'll Learn
Sanding sticks and pads
Sanding sticks are typically made of materials such as metal, wood, or carbon fibre and are often double-ended, with different grits on each end. They are designed to be used by hand and can be purchased in various quantities, from packs of 3 to 160. Some popular options include the Dura-Gold Sanding and Polishing Sticks, which offer a range of grits from coarse 80 to super-fine 7000, and the Honoson Sanding Sticks, which feature both low and high grits.
Sanding pads, on the other hand, are usually made of a flexible material that can conform to the contours of the plastic model. They often have a hook-and-loop backing, allowing for easy attachment to a sanding block or drill. Sanding pads can be purchased in a range of grits, similar to sanding sticks, and are ideal for covering larger, flatter surfaces.
When choosing between sanding sticks and pads, consider the specific task at hand and the level of detail required. For intricate details or hard-to-reach areas, sanding sticks are often the best choice due to their small size and manoeuvrability. For polishing and finishing larger surfaces, sanding pads can provide more efficient coverage.
It is also important to note that, regardless of the type of sanding tool used, the grit should be chosen based on the material being sanded and the desired finish. For plastic models, a finer grit is generally recommended to avoid scratching the surface.
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Wet-and-dry paper
When using wet-and-dry paper, it is important to soak the sandpaper before use. The length of soaking time depends on the material being sanded and can range from 15 minutes to overnight. However, the paper should be saturated for it to work effectively. For wet sanding plastic, it is recommended to use lower grit sandpaper than for other materials. Starting with 180-grit sandpaper is suitable for a more aggressive approach, while 600-grit sandpaper is better for finishing details.
When sanding, use irregular motions to avoid deep scratches. Circular motions are suitable, but be sure not to repeat the same path to prevent creating grooves in the plastic. A foam block can be helpful when sanding broad, flat sections of plastic. Additionally, it is important to wear gloves and prepare the work area when using wet-and-dry paper, as the process can be messy.
The grit of the wet-and-dry paper can vary depending on the desired finish. For polishing, sandpaper ranging from 240 to 7000 grit can be used. For tuning a nib, 2000 grit sandpaper is a good option. It is also recommended to use a sponge to wash away any dirt and ensure a smooth finish. Overall, wet-and-dry paper is a versatile and effective option for sanding plastic models, providing a smooth and professional finish.
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Removing mould lines
Tools and Materials
Before you begin, ensure you have the right tools and materials to hand. You will need a selection of files, a craft knife, such as an X-Acto blade, and an old toothbrush. Optionally, you can use plastic snips and sanding sticks or pads, but be cautious when using these tools as they can damage your model if not used correctly.
Safety First
It is important to exercise caution when using sharp tools like craft knives and blades. Always use a new blade in your X-Acto knife to ensure a clean, precise cut. Additionally, be mindful not to use plastic snips on metal models, as they are specifically designed for plastic.
Technique
When removing mould lines, the key is to work slowly and apply very light pressure. Hold the blade perpendicular to the surface of the model and drag it lightly across, using only the very tip of the blade. This technique is especially important when working on small details like flex fitting and rivets, as too much pressure can cut them off. For curved surfaces, be extra cautious as the blade may skip along or sink into the plastic. Work on these areas slowly and carefully, scraping in one direction and then repeating the process in the opposite direction.
Sanding
If you choose to use sanding sticks or pads, aim for a fine grit sandpaper of around 1200 to 3000 grit. This will help you achieve a smooth, polished finish without causing any unwanted scratches or damage to your model.
Remember, removing mould lines is a delicate process, but with practice and patience, you can master the technique and produce clean, professional-looking plastic models.
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Sanding direction
When sanding plastic models, it is important to wear a dust mask to avoid inhaling microplastics. You can also lightly wet the surface of the plastic before sanding so that the particles stick to the surface and can be wiped off with a paper towel.
The direction of sanding depends on the type of finish you want to achieve and the shape of the model. If you are looking for a smooth finish, it is recommended to sand in a circular motion, applying light pressure to the surface. Start with a coarse grit sandpaper, such as 200-300 grit, to remove any imperfections or mould lines. Then, switch to a finer grit, such as 1000, and sand in the same circular motion until you achieve a smooth finish. Finally, you can use an even finer grit, such as 1500, and buff the surface to a clear, spotless finish.
If you need to sand in tight or hard-to-reach areas, you can use files or needle files, which are smaller and more precise. These can help with sprue nub clean-up and removing leftover sprue from parts. It is recommended to use a rough, medium, or fine file depending on the level of precision needed.
For clear plastic and fine surface polishing, you can use fine sanding mesh or pads with a grit of up to 12000. This will help you achieve an ultra-smooth and polished finish on transparent surfaces without scratching them.
Always sand with light pressure and in the direction of the grain of the plastic to avoid scratching or damaging the surface. Work your way up from coarser to finer grits gradually to achieve the desired smoothness and clarity.
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Sanding blocks
The standard size of sanding blocks is 76mm x 37mm, and they come in a range of grits. All grits can be used for dry and wet sanding, except for the 80-grit block, which is designed for removal only. The different grits available in the set allow for quick removal of material, and then a nice polished finish can be achieved. For an ultra-polished finish, you may need to finish the job with an ultra-fine grit, such as Micro Mesh polishing tissues.
When using sanding blocks, it is important to follow the correct technique to achieve the desired results and avoid damaging your plastic model. It is recommended to start with a lower grit to remove any excess material and create a smooth base. Then, you can progress to a higher grit to refine the surface and create a polished look. Always sand in the direction of the grain of the plastic to avoid scratching.
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Frequently asked questions
Wet-and-dry paper is ideal for both wet and dry work and is great for the fine shaping of plastic. When water is added, it offers an even finer finish. You can also use fine sanding mesh or pads, which you can get down to 12000 grit.
For removing mould lines on plastic models, some recommend using 120-grit sandpaper. However, others suggest that 200-300 grit might be safer for removing stuff. For a finer finish, you can sand with 1000 grit and then finish with 1500 grit before buffing.
Unlike wood, there is no grain on plastic models, so you are free to sand them in any direction you choose.
In addition to sandpaper, you can use files for sprue nub clean-up or getting into hard-to-reach places. You can also use a sanding block for larger, flat surfaces.
Wet the tip of your finger and pick up the small piece, then move it across the surface of the abrasive in a smooth motion.
