
Plastic packaging can be recycled and remade into a variety of items, such as packaging, bags, car components, furniture, building materials, and paint pots. Councils in the UK are obliged to provide a domestic collection service from the kerbside, and recycling rates have been improving. However, some councils prefer to collect heavier waste than plastic packaging, and plastic bags, wraps, and films are not suitable for kerbside recycling as they can get tangled up in the equipment. These items can be recycled at specific store drop-off locations, but they must be clean and dry.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Recycling hard plastic packaging | Varies by location and type of plastic |
| Curbside recycling | Available in some areas, but not all; some plastics may be accepted in curbside bins in certain communities |
| Store drop-off bins | Available at some retailers, including Target, Publix, Walmart, Albertsons, and Wegmans; accepts plastic bags, wraps, and films |
| Recycling symbols | May indicate that an item is recyclable, but not always; Resin Identification Codes (#2 and #4) indicate recyclable plastic bags |
| Plastic bags | Recyclable, but not biodegradable; can be recycled into new bags or plastic lumber |
| Plastic wraps and films | Recyclable, but not always accepted in curbside programs; must be clean and dry |
| Plastic bottles | Recyclable, but rinse and dry before recycling |
| Plastic straws | Not recyclable due to size; best to avoid or use reusable straws |
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What You'll Learn

Retailers with plastic recycling bins
Many retailers provide plastic recycling bins in their stores, making it convenient for customers to drop off their recyclable plastic items. These bins are typically placed at the front of the store, and some well-known retailers offering this service include Target, Publix, Walmart, Albertsons, and Wegmans. These retailers provide an accessible avenue for individuals to recycle their plastic waste, contributing to environmental sustainability.
It is important to note that not all types of plastic can be recycled through store drop-off bins. For instance, flexible plastic packages, such as plastic bags, wraps, and films, require special handling. Before placing these items in a store's recycling bin, it is crucial to ensure they are clean and dry, free from any food residue or liquids. Additionally, some communities use Resin Identification Codes or "recycling numbers" to indicate the types of plastic they accept, so checking these codes is essential.
Retailers play a significant role in promoting plastic recycling by providing these bins and encouraging customers to use them. This initiative helps reduce plastic waste and contributes to a more sustainable future. By offering convenient drop-off locations, retailers make it easier for individuals to make environmentally conscious choices. Moreover, retailers can also stock and promote reusable bags as a more eco-friendly alternative to single-use plastic bags, further reducing plastic waste.
While retailers are taking steps in the right direction, there is still room for improvement. For example, small retailers might face challenges in manually collecting bottles and storing bags or crates, which could impact their space availability. Additionally, there is a need to address the issue of unusual forms of packaging that might not be accommodated by the existing kerbside recycling system. Nonetheless, retailers' efforts to provide plastic recycling bins are a positive step towards reducing plastic waste and encouraging environmentally responsible behaviour among consumers.
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Kerbside collection services
In the UK, local authorities and councils offer kerbside collection services for many plastic packaging items. The percentage of councils collecting all items has been increasing, and councils are obliged to provide a domestic collection service. For example, the Cheltenham Borough Council provides detailed instructions for its kerbside recycling collection service. Similarly, the Brisbane City Council also provides an annual kerbside collection service for its residents to dispose of large household items.
However, it is important to note that the types of plastic accepted through kerbside collection services may vary. Some communities use Resin Identification Codes, often misidentified as "recycling numbers," to communicate the types of plastic they will accept. For instance, flexible plastic packages with #2 or #4 are usually accepted in store drop-off bins, while #2 and #4 plastics in curbside bins refer to rigid plastics like bottles and jugs. Therefore, it is essential to check with your local program to understand the specific types of plastic they collect.
It is worth mentioning that plastic bags, wraps, and films are generally not suitable for curbside recycling programs. These items can cause tangles in the equipment at recycling facilities. Instead, they should be taken to retail stores with plastic bag recycling bins or store drop-off locations. Before recycling plastic bags, it is important to ensure they are clean and dry, free from any crumbs, food residue, or liquid.
While most plastic bags are made from high-density polyethylene (#2 plastic), thinner-material bags, such as produce bags, are made from low-density polyethylene (#4 plastic). Recycling a ton of plastic bags (approximately 450,000 bags) can save 11 barrels of oil. However, black plastic bags are harder to recycle due to the dye used, which limits their reprocessing options. Therefore, it is crucial to check the recycling symbol on the plastic bags and ensure they are accepted by the curbside program before including them in your recycling bin.
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Recycling symbols and numbers
The number inside the triangle, also known as the Mobius symbol, helps us identify the type of plastic used for the product. There are seven plastic recycling symbols in total, each with distinct recycling instructions. The numbers inside the triangle are known as Resin Identification Codes or Plastic Resin Identification Codes. These numbers do not tell you if the plastic can be recycled but are there to help plastic recyclers identify the type of plastic.
- PET or PETE/PETG (polyethylene terephthalate): This is the most common plastic for single-use bottled beverages as it is inexpensive, lightweight, and easy to recycle. It is often used for soft drink bottles, mineral water containers, fruit juice containers, and cooking oil containers. It can be recycled into containers, carpet, and furniture.
- HDPE (high-density polyethylene): This is one of the most commonly used plastics in the United States and is used for containers for items like cleaning agents, milk, detergents, and washing soap. It carries a low risk of leaching and is readily recyclable into many types of goods. It can be recycled through most curbside recycling programs.
- PVC (polyvinyl chloride): This plastic is used for things like plumbing pipes, window frames, and flooring. It is not commonly recycled but can be recycled into items like speed bumps, cables, and garden furniture.
- LDPE (low-density polyethylene): This plastic is used for shopping bags, highly resistant sacks, and crushed bottles. It is not usually recycled but can be converted into floor tiles and shipping envelopes.
- PP (polypropylene): This plastic is durable, strong, and lightweight, making it ideal for items like furniture, luggage, toys, and the lining of cars. It is increasingly being accepted in curbside recycling programs.
- PS (polystyrene): This plastic is being phased out of packaging. It can be recycled, but it's best to contact the drop-off point as there may be restrictions.
- OTHER: This includes plastics such as acrylic, polycarbonate, nylon, and fiberglass. Acrylic and polycarbonate can be recycled and repurposed for future projects. Number 7 plastics are not accepted in kerbside recycling, but you can look for other extended recycling programs.
It is important to note that not all plastics can be recycled, and the acceptability of certain plastics for recycling may vary depending on your location. Always check your municipality's recycling guidelines for clarity on what is and is not accepted.
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Plastic bags and wraps
Plastic bags, wraps, and films are recycled differently than bottles and containers. They do not go in most curbside recycling bins as they can gum up the works and get stuck in recycling equipment. Instead, they go to participating retail store recycling bins.
In the US, retailers like Target, Publix, Walmart, Albertsons, and Wegmans have Store Drop-off collection bins at the front of their stores. You can recycle plastic bags, wraps, and films in these bins. However, these need to be clean and dry, with no crumbs, food residue, or liquid inside.
If you are unsure about whether your plastic bags and wraps can be recycled, check with your local recycling entity.
To recycle plastic bags, they are first turned into pellets, which can then be reprocessed into new bags. However, they are more likely to be shipped to a company that manufactures them into plastic lumber.
If you are looking for the most eco-friendly alternative, bring your own reusable bags to the store. They take more resources to produce than paper or plastic, but they should each last five to ten years.
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Plastic bottles and jugs
Most curbside recycling programs accept at least #1 and #2 plastic bottles, and bigger programs accept all numbers and plastics in other forms (like yoghurt containers). However, it is important to check with your local program to see what types of plastics they accept and if they have any specific requirements for rinsing and caps. Most programs ask that you rinse your bottles and jugs before recycling to prevent remnants of food or liquids from contaminating the load and attracting insects or generating odours. Some programs may also have specific requirements for caps, with some wanting the cap on to prevent loose caps from falling out during transportation, and others wanting the cap off to ensure the bottle is empty and to prevent damage to their machinery.
In addition to curbside recycling, some communities have store drop-off bins at the front of retail stores for plastic recycling. However, it is important to check which types of plastic the community accepts for recycling, as some only accept certain types of plastic resin, such as #2 or #4. Some communities may also have specific requirements for the condition of the plastic, such as ensuring that the plastic is clean and dry before placing it in the bin.
While recycling is an important step in reducing plastic waste, it is even more environmentally friendly to reduce and reuse plastic bottles and jugs. Some alternatives to using plastic bottles and jugs include drink mixes over single-serving bottles and plastic-free options, such as reusable bottles.
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Frequently asked questions
Councils in the UK are obliged to provide a domestic collection service from your kerbside. However, some plastics are easier to recycle than others. For example, black plastic bags are harder to recycle and are sometimes omitted from store collection bins. Plastic wrap and film can be recycled but must be taken to a drop-off location as most curbside programs do not accept them.
The best way to recycle plastic packaging is to ensure it is clean and dry before placing it in a recycling bin.
Plastic bags are often assumed to be recyclable because they have a recycling symbol on them. However, they are not accepted by most curbside programs and are a significant source of contamination in city recycling programs.
If it is not economically viable to recycle plastic packaging, energy can be recovered from the calorific value of the plastic. You can also reduce your use of plastic packaging by switching to reusable alternatives, such as cloth bags for groceries.











































