Alexei Volkov
Plastics are made from petrochemicals, which are derived from fossil fuels. They are a source of toxic pollution and have been linked to an increased risk of various cancers. While the research is often inconclusive, there is evidence that certain plastic-related chemicals, additives, and derivatives may contribute to health risks, including cancer. To reduce potential risks, individuals can limit their use of plastic products, especially those containing BPA and phthalates, and opt for alternative materials such as glass or stainless steel for food and beverage storage. Additionally, it is important to avoid heating food in plastic containers as heat can cause the release of potentially harmful chemicals.
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| Plastic type | Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Bisphenol A (BPA), Polystyrene, Black plastic |
| Harmful additives | Flame retardants, plasticizers, stabilizers, Phthalates |
| Cancer risk | Increased risk of breast cancer, endocrine-related cancers, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, biliary tract cancer |
| Avoidance strategies | Reduce plastic use, choose alternatives like glass or stainless steel, avoid heating food in plastic, check labels for "BPA-free", support research |
| Other risk factors | Living close to oil refineries, exposure to toxic air contaminants like benzene and toluene |
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What You'll Learn
- Avoid plastic products, especially those containing BPA and phthalates
- Opt for glass, stainless steel, or other non-plastic containers
- Avoid heating food in plastic containers
- Limit exposure to black plastic items, which may contain toxic flame retardants
- Stay informed about ongoing research and regulatory changes related to plastics and chemicals
Avoid plastic products, especially those containing BPA and phthalates
Bisphenol-A (BPA) and phthalates are commonly used in the production of plastic products. They are often referred to as "everywhere chemicals" due to their prevalence in everyday items. While the health effects of exposure to these chemicals are still being studied, there is growing evidence that they may be associated with various health issues, including an increased risk of cancer. Therefore, it is advisable to take steps to avoid or minimise contact with plastic products, especially those containing BPA and phthalates.
BPA is used in the production of polycarbonate plastic, a shatter-resistant and clear material found in various consumer goods. This includes plastic bottles, baby bottles, sippy cups, water bottles, food storage containers, and the lining of food and beverage cans. BPA can leach from these products into food and liquids, particularly when heated or microwaved. To reduce exposure to BPA, avoid using plastic containers marked with a 1 or 7 and opt for those marked with a 2, 4, or 5. Use alternative materials such as glass, porcelain, or stainless steel for food and beverage storage, especially when dealing with hot substances.
Phthalates are chemicals added to plastics to increase their flexibility and durability. They are commonly found in products like vinyl flooring, shower curtains, medical devices, cosmetics, and personal care items. Like BPA, phthalates can migrate into food and liquids, especially when heated. To minimise contact with phthalates, avoid vinyl products, perfumed shampoos, and lotions. Choose fragrance-free alternatives whenever possible and look for products specifically labelled as "phthalate-free," especially for items used by infants and young children.
Additionally, be cautious when using plastic products designed for children, such as baby bottles, sippy cups, pacifiers, and toys. These items often contain BPA and phthalates, which can leach directly into the mouths of children during sucking or chewing. Opt for glass or silicone alternatives when possible and always read product labels or check with the manufacturer to ensure the safety of the items you bring into your home.
Finally, be aware of the potential risks associated with plastic waste and pollution. The production, use, and disposal of plastics contribute to environmental toxicity and expose workers, communities, and consumers to harmful chemicals. Reduce your use of single-use plastics and avoid burning plastics, as this can release toxic carcinogens into the air. Support initiatives that aim to reduce non-essential plastic use and advocate for sustainable alternatives to protect both human health and the environment.
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Opt for glass, stainless steel, or other non-plastic containers
Plastics are an environmental justice issue, an intrinsic part of the climate crisis, and a source of toxic pollution. Many people unknowingly encounter toxic, cancer-causing chemicals through plastics. Plastic PVC (polyvinyl chloride), for example, is a type of plastic made with vinyl chloride, a carcinogen. PVC is commonly found in packaging like bottle caps, safety seals, and labels on PET bottles, as well as in clothes, furniture, toys, and building materials. The production and disposal of plastics also release toxic chemicals, affecting workers, communities, and the environment.
To reduce your exposure to potentially harmful plastics and protect your health, it is advisable to opt for glass, stainless steel, or other non-plastic containers for food and beverages. Glass, stainless steel, and other non-plastic containers are safer alternatives to plastics, which can contain chemical additives that may not be adequately tested for long-term health effects. These materials do not leach harmful chemicals, even when in contact with heat or liquids, making them a safer choice for storing and consuming food and drinks.
When choosing containers for beverages, opt for glass or unlined stainless steel drinkware. Glass and stainless steel are inert materials that do not react with their contents, ensuring that you are not inadvertently consuming harmful chemicals. Glass and stainless steel containers are also easy to clean and durable, making them a cost-effective and environmentally friendly choice.
In your kitchen, opt for storage containers made of glass (such as Pyrex), stainless steel, or lead-free ceramic. Use kitchen utensils made from wood, bamboo, or stainless steel. These materials are safer alternatives to plastic, which can contaminate your food with chemicals during processing and storage. Avoid heating food in plastic containers, as heat can cause the release of toxic chemicals. Instead, use glass or microwave-safe dishes for heating and storing food.
By making these simple switches, you can reduce your exposure to potentially harmful chemicals found in plastics and take a proactive approach to protecting your health and the environment.
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Avoid heating food in plastic containers
Plastic containers are convenient for storing food, but it's important to exercise caution when using them for heating or cooking. Heating food in plastic containers can potentially expose you to harmful chemicals, such as Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, which can leach into your food. These chemicals have been linked to various health risks, including an increased risk of certain cancers.
To avoid the risks associated with heating food in plastic containers, follow these guidelines:
Check the Container's Suitability: Only use plastic containers that are specifically labelled as safe for microwave or oven use. Look for containers made of heat-resistant materials, such as nylon or heat-resistant nylon oven bags. These containers are designed to withstand higher temperatures without melting or releasing harmful chemicals.
Avoid Single-Use Plastics: Do not use single-use plastic containers, such as emptied soft butter tubs, cottage cheese cartons, or similar packaging, for heating or cooking food in the microwave or oven. These containers are not designed for reuse and may release toxic chemicals when heated.
Microwave Alternatives: When using a microwave, consider using alternative materials such as glass or ceramic containers, which are generally safe and effective for heating food. You can also use wax paper, plastic wrap, paper plates (not foam), or white, unprinted paper towels.
Oven Precautions: Always remove all plastic packaging materials from food items before cooking in a conventional oven. This includes items like plastic wrap, plastic nets, or plastic packaging around meats. Plastic packaging can melt or catch fire at high temperatures, releasing toxic fumes and posing a safety hazard.
Discard Damaged Containers: Regularly inspect your plastic containers for any signs of damage, such as heavy scratches, punctures, or misshapen areas. Discard compromised containers to reduce the risk of chemical leaching and potential exposure to harmful substances.
By following these guidelines, you can reduce your exposure to potentially harmful chemicals and make safer choices when heating food in plastic containers. Remember to always read and follow the instructions provided by the manufacturer of your plastic containers.
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Limit exposure to black plastic items, which may contain toxic flame retardants
It is important to limit exposure to black plastic items, which may contain toxic flame retardants. Flame retardants are added to plastics to prevent or slow down electrical fires. However, some of these chemicals have been linked to serious health issues, including endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, and reproductive and developmental toxicity.
One study found that people with the highest blood levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), a class of flame retardants, were approximately 300% more likely to die from cancer. Another study estimated that the use of kitchen utensils made from black plastic could result in a median intake of 34,700 ng/day of flame retardants, exceeding estimates for intake from dust and diet.
To reduce exposure to toxic flame retardants in black plastic items, it is recommended to avoid using black plastic kitchen utensils, containers, and toys. Instead, opt for stainless steel or wooden utensils and containers. It is also advised not to microwave or heat food in black plastic containers, as heat encourages chemicals to leach out.
While consumers can take steps to reduce their exposure, it is important to recognize that the responsibility also lies with governments and corporations to implement policies restricting the use of harmful chemicals and ensuring safe recycling practices.
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Stay informed about ongoing research and regulatory changes related to plastics and chemicals
To stay informed about ongoing research and regulatory changes related to plastics and chemicals, individuals can follow news and updates from various organisations and initiatives working in this domain.
One notable source is the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and its Chemicals in Plastics – A Technical Report. This report provides comprehensive insights into the state of knowledge regarding chemicals in plastics. It is based on extensive scientific evidence and highlights the urgent need for action to address the adverse impacts of these chemicals on human health and the environment. The report also outlines potential areas for action and supports the development of a global plastics treaty.
The UNEP report identifies over 13,000 chemicals associated with plastics and plastic production, with ten groups of chemicals being of major concern due to their high toxicity and potential to migrate or be released from plastics. These include specific flame retardants, certain UV stabilisers, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs), phthalates, bisphenols, alkylphenols, and alkylphenol.
Additionally, individuals can follow the work of organisations like the CHEM Trust, which has expertise in addressing the environmental and health impacts of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs) found in plastic products. The CHEM Trust has campaigned for restrictions on specific types of EDCs, such as bisphenols (including BPA) and phthalates, due to their links to various health issues.
Other notable sources for staying informed include the PlastChem project, funded by the Norwegian Research Council, which aims to address potential harm from plastics and polymers. Their reports highlight the gap between the vast number of chemicals associated with plastic production and the limited global regulation currently in place.
Furthermore, individuals can follow news and updates from initiatives like the Global Vision for a Future Free of Plastic Pollution, led by the Break Free From Plastic (BFFP) movement. This movement aims to address the environmental and health impacts of plastic pollution, including the chemicals present in plastics.
Additionally, the Chemical Sciences and Society Summit (CS3) brings together experts from various countries to discuss the sustainable use of plastics and identify pressing research challenges. Their discussions and outcomes are summarised in reports, providing insights into the latest advancements and future directions in this field.
By actively following the work of these organisations and initiatives, individuals can stay informed about the ongoing research, regulatory changes, and collective efforts to address the concerns related to plastics and chemicals.
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Frequently asked questions
To reduce the potential risk associated with plastics and cancer, you can take the following precautions:
- Reduce plastic usage, especially those containing BPA and phthalates.
- Opt for glass, stainless steel, or other non-plastic containers for food and beverages.
- Avoid heating food in plastic containers, as heat can cause the release of chemicals.
- Stay informed about ongoing research and regulatory changes related to plastics and chemicals.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical commonly found in some plastics and has been linked to an increased risk of certain types of cancer. Polystyrene microplastics have been found to induce hematotoxicity in mice. Black plastic items have been found to contain toxic brominated flame retardants, also known as BFRs, which have been linked to various cancers. PVC is a type of plastic made with vinyl chloride, a known carcinogen, and is commonly found in packaging and various household items.
Yes, in addition to avoiding certain plastics, you can lower your risk of cancer by not smoking, maintaining a healthy weight, staying safe in the sun, reducing alcohol consumption, and eating a healthy, balanced diet.
