Chloe Zhang
Threading a plastic pipe is a process used to mechanically join two sections of plastic tubing. This method is used to contain higher pressures, above 100 pounds per square inch (PSI). Typically, threading is used for deep submersible well applications, where unusual stress is placed on the piping due to long lengths. To thread a plastic pipe, you can use a ratcheting pipe threader, a pipe thread die and diestock, or a lathe with appropriate cutters. Alternatively, you can use a slip-to-thread adapter and glue it onto the pipe.
Characteristics of Threading a Plastic Pipe
| Characteristics | Values |
|---|---|
| When to Thread | When making plumbing repairs or installing new plumbing |
| Tools | Manual ratcheting pipe threader, handheld power threaders, threading machines, pipe thread die and diestock, lathe, cutter, tapered arbor, rag, vise, lubricant, work gloves, safety glasses |
| Pipe Types | Schedule 80 and schedule 120 PVC pipe |
| Process | Secure the pipe in a vise, lubricate the pipe, slide the threader onto the pipe, turn the cutter, push on the die, continue threading, clean the threads |
| Alternatives | Using a slip-to-thread adapter and gluing it to the pipe |
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What You'll Learn
Using a slip-to-thread adapter
When it comes to plastic pipes, threading is a process used to mechanically join two sections of plastic tubing. This method is employed to contain higher pressures, exceeding 100 pounds per square inch (PSI). It is also used in deep submersible well applications, where long lengths of piping are subjected to unusual stress.
However, it is important to note that not all plastic pipes can be threaded. For instance, Schedule 40 PVC pipes are intended for socket fittings (slip glue) only, and their walls are too thin for threading. On the other hand, Schedule 80 and Schedule 120 PVC pipes have thicker walls and can be threaded.
If you are working with a Schedule 40 PVC pipe, a simple and cost-effective solution is to use a slip-to-thread adapter. This adapter is glued onto the pipe, allowing you to thread it wherever needed. You can easily find these adapters at any major hardware store or irrigation department.
When using a slip-to-thread adapter, it is crucial to follow proper installation guidelines to avoid issues with stress cracking. Firstly, ensure that the adapter is compatible with the pipe size, as using it on a Schedule 40 PVC pipe will significantly reduce the diameter of the opening. Additionally, be cautious not to overtighten the adapter, as this can lead to cracking or splitting of the pipe.
To install the slip-to-thread adapter, start by cleaning the pipe surface where the adapter will be attached. Apply a suitable pipe sealant or glue that is specifically designed for plastic fittings. Avoid using PTFE tape, as it is intended for metal pipes and can add strain to the plastic fitting. Once the adapter is securely glued, allow it to dry completely before handling any further assembly.
By following these steps and instructions, you can successfully use a slip-to-thread adapter to thread a plastic pipe. Remember to choose the appropriate adapter for your pipe size and always adhere to the manufacturer's guidelines for a secure and long-lasting connection.
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Using a pipe thread die and diestock
Threading a plastic pipe is a simple process when equipped with the right tools. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to thread a plastic pipe using a pipe thread die and diestock:
First, ensure you have the necessary safety gear, including protective eyewear and work gloves. The process of threading involves cutting and shaving metal, which can cause metal shards to become airborne or slice into the skin.
Next, prepare the pipe by opening the jaws of your bench vice and positioning the pipe so that the end you plan to thread is sticking out towards you. Tighten the pipe in the vice by turning the handle clockwise. Be careful not to overtighten, as this could damage the pipe. If you need to resize the pipe, use a pipe cutter or hacksaw to cut it to size, then use a reamer to smooth the end of the pipe.
Now, you can begin the threading process. Place the threader inside the pipe, with the smooth wall of the plastic part first, so the threads face away from the pipe. Choose the correct die for your pipe—the threads on the outside of the pipe will depend on the diameter of the die you choose. You can use a diestock with guides to ensure the die is square to the pipe axis. Remember to remove any parts of the guides that may damage the pipes.
Start the thread die by turning the cutter clockwise and pushing the die end as you engage the pipe. This will ensure that each successive thread is even. Continue threading by rotating the die's long handle. Run the threaded portion onto the pipe until the die is in line with the pipe end.
Finally, turn the die counterclockwise to remove it, then remove the pipe from the vise. Wipe the threads with a rag to clean them, and keep your die sharp and ready for future use.
Some additional tips for threading plastic pipe include using lubrication on the joints to prevent leaks and ensuring you use the correct sealant to avoid damaging the plastic.
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Using a manual ratcheting pipe threader
A manual ratcheting pipe threader is a great option for simple home use, as it is affordable and gets the job done. You can purchase or rent one at a home improvement centre or hardware store. A basic ratcheting pipe threader with 5-6 different die heads costs between $40-$60 USD.
Step-by-step guide
Prepare the pipe
Secure the pipe in a vise, with the end you want to thread sticking out. If you need to adjust the pipe's length, use a pipe cutter or a hacksaw to cut it, and then insert a reamer into the cut end to smoothen it out.
Choose the right die head
Select a die head that fits your pipe's diameter. The die head is the part of the pipe threader that cuts the threads. Most ratcheting pipe threaders can be used on pipes made of different materials, such as galvanized metal, copper, or PVC.
Attach the die head
Remove any existing die head from the ratcheting pipe threader handle by pulling it out. Attach your chosen die head by sliding it into the ring at the end of the handle until it snaps into place.
Lubricate the pipe
Apply threading oil to the outside end of the pipe to make it easier to put the die head on and to lubricate the teeth of the die head.
Start cutting
With one hand, push against the die head towards the pipe. With your other hand, ratchet the pipe threader's handle clockwise while maintaining pressure on the die head. You should feel resistance as the teeth start cutting into the pipe. If not, push harder on the die head.
Continue cutting
Keep ratcheting the handle until the pipe threader has completely cut through the pipe. Switch the rotation by turning the handle in the opposite direction to disengage the teeth of the die head from the threads. Remove the die head from the pipe.
Seal the connections
Use pipe sealant, Teflon tape, or a liquid pipe thread compound to seal the threaded connections and prevent leaks and corrosion. Use sandpaper or tape to remove any burrs from the surface to ensure no debris gets trapped between the connections when inserting the pipe into another piece of tubing.
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Using a handheld power threader
Threading a plastic pipe using a handheld power threader is a straightforward process, but it requires careful preparation and the right tools. Here is a step-by-step guide:
Prepare the Work Area and Gather Tools
Before you begin, ensure you have the necessary tools, including a handheld power threader, the appropriate die head for the pipe's diameter, work gloves, safety glasses, pipe cutter or hacksaw, reamer, vise, and threading oil or lubricant.
Cut and Prepare the Pipe
If needed, cut the pipe to the desired length using a pipe cutter or hacksaw. Then, use a reamer to remove any sharp burrs and smooth out the end of the pipe. This step is crucial to ensure a clean and safe surface for threading.
Secure the Pipe in a Vise
Loosen the jaws of the vise by turning the handle counterclockwise, just enough to fit the pipe between them. Place the pipe in the vise with the end you want to thread sticking out, and then tighten the vise clockwise to secure the pipe firmly in place.
Choose and Attach the Correct Die Head
Die heads are the attachments that cut the grooves into the pipe. Choose the appropriate die head size based on the pipe's diameter. The measurements should be engraved on the die head. Attach the die head to the ratcheting handle of the handheld power threader by sliding it into the ring until it snaps into place.
Lubricate the Pipe
Apply a generous amount of threading oil or lubricant to the end of the pipe. This step is important as it ensures a smooth threading process and enhances the longevity of the die head. Don't worry about using too much lubricant; it will also help catch the shavings from the pipe.
Start Threading
With the pipe secured and the die head attached, you can now start the threading process. Position the die head onto the end of the pipe and slide the centre hole of the die cutter onto the pipe, pushing it as far as it will go. If necessary, apply more threading oil to the pipe and the middle of the die head to make it easier.
Complete the Threading
Once the die head is in place, start ratcheting the handle of the handheld power threader. Continue ratcheting until the threader has completely cut through the pipe, ensuring that every surface of the die head is utilised. Then, switch the rotation by ratcheting in the opposite direction to disengage the teeth of the die head from the threads.
Final Steps
After threading, it is crucial to seal the threaded connections properly to prevent leaks and protect the pipe from corrosion. Use pipe sealant, Teflon tape, or a liquid pipe thread compound for a reliable seal. Finally, use sandpaper to remove any remaining burrs or debris from the surface, ensuring a smooth and clean finish.
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Using a threading machine
Threading a plastic pipe using a threading machine is a straightforward process, but it requires careful preparation and attention to detail. Here is a step-by-step guide on how to do it:
First, ensure you have the right equipment. For plastic pipes, you will need a threading machine, a die head, and threading oil or lubricant. Choose a die head that matches the pipe's diameter; die heads usually come in different sizes, indicated by numbers. If you plan to thread metal pipes in the future, you may need a different set of dies specifically for coated pipes.
Next, prepare the pipe. Wrap the pipe with a rag to protect the surface of the plastic. Secure the pipe firmly in a vise, ensuring that the end you want to thread extends outward. If the pipe is less than an inch wide, use the vise's jaws as a clamp. If using a two-jaw vise, tighten both jaws simultaneously to hold the pipe securely without any movement. Alternatively, use clamps if they are long enough to encircle the pipe without obstruction.
Now, you can begin the threading process. Apply a generous amount of threading oil or lubricant to the outside end of the pipe. This will make it easier to attach the die head and cut the threads. Place the die head onto the end of the pipe, sliding the center hole of the cutter onto the pipe. Ensure the threads face outward, away from the tube ends.
Start the machine and ratchet the handle in a clockwise motion while applying pressure. Continue ratcheting until all the teeth of the die are fully engaged with the pipe. You can apply a drop of oil to the center of each tooth to minimize friction and make the cutting process smoother. Once the pipe threader has completely cut through the pipe, switch the rotation by turning the handle counterclockwise to disengage the die head. Finally, remove the die head from the pipe.
Threading machines provide increased convenience and efficiency, especially for heavy-duty or repetitive work. They can handle larger diameter pipes and are suitable for various pipe materials, including plastic, making them a valuable tool for plumbing and mechanical applications.
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